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RES 110 & 121 Exam
Cardiopulminary Science & Respiratory Skills
| Questions | Answers |
|---|---|
| Define autonomy | ethical principal which acknowledges patient's person liberty and their right to decide upon their best course |
| Define veracity | ethical principal which binds the healthcare giver and the patient to tell the truth |
| Who discovered the fudamentals of gas exchange | Lavoiser |
| Who discovered that animals can't live in an environment which will not support a flame | Leonardo Da Vinci |
| What is the purpose of the AARC | promote education,lobby congress,promote professionalism and act as a "voice" for its members |
| Robert Boyle discovered what important gas law | pressure varies inversely with volume(boyle's law) |
| Who established the Pneumatic Inst. of Bristol | Beddoes |
| Define beneficence | the ethical principle that requires the respiratory therapist to actively contribute to the well-being of the patient he serves |
| Who performed the first recorded respiratory physiology experiment | Aristole |
| Who is the Father of Inhalation Therapy | Beddoes |
| In what section of the patient history can a detailed descrption of the patient's current symptom be found | history of present illness |
| The( )respiratory therapist is the highest credential in the profession | registered |
| Responsible for the clinical function of the Respiratory Care Dept | Medical Director |
| What is the most essential aspect of providing quality respiratory care | care being provided is indicated, care is delivered competently and appropiately, patient is appropriately evaluated by physican before care is initiated |
| What is the chief reason that the respiratory care protocols were developed and are currently being used in hospitals throughout North America | enhance efficiency of respiratory care personnel in providing patient care |
| Respiratory Care education programs are reviewed by what committe to ensure quality | Commission for Accredidation of Respiratory Care |
| Lifting heavy objects is best done with which of the following techniques | straight spine and bent legs |
| To determine ant recent trends in a patinet pulse, respiration, blood pressure, you would go to which section of the medical records | vital sign sheets |
| What organization is responsible for credentialing respiratory therapist | NBRC |
| What term is used to describe the process in which a government agency gives an individual permission to practice an occupation | Licensure |
| What simple question does ethics try to answer | How should we act |
| Approximately what percent of patients receiving mechanical ventilation develop pneumonia as a complication | 25% |
| Who is considered to be the "father of medicine" | Hippocrates |
| Factors most critical in determining when a patient can be ambulated | stability of vital signs and absence of severe pain |
| Considered the primary source of infection in the healthcare setting | humans |
| What is NOT an expected role of a respiratory therapist | selling oxygen therapy devices to patients |
| What are characteristics of a respiratory care profesional | participates in continuing education activities,obtains professional credentials, adheres to acode of ethics and completes an accredited education program |
| Which ethical principle obliges a respiratory therapist to uphold a patient's right to refuse a treatment | autonomy |
| How do endotracheal tubes increase the risk of infection | impeding local host defenses and provding surfaces for biofilms to develop |
| Who discovered oxygen in 1774 and described it as "dephlogisticated air" | John Priestly |
| Key factors determining the extent of harm caused by an electrical current | duration for which the current is applied, path the current takes through the body, and amount of current flowing through the body |
| HIPPA was established in 1996 to set standards related to sharing confidential health history information about patients. What does the "P" stand for | portability |
| What ethical principle can be used to justify the pain that might occur in drawing blood from a patient for a dignostic test | double effect |
| What vaccination does OSHA require hospital employers to provide | Hepatitis B |
| Who is credited with first describing the law of partial pressures for a gas mixture | John Dalton |
| Which of the following organs is the most sensitive to the effects of electrical shock | heart |
| Responibility for the technical direction of a respiratory care department lies with whom | Department Manager |
| The debate over prolongation of life versus relief of suffering in elderly patients mainly involves differing opinions regarding what ethical principle | Beneficence |
| What is NOT TRUE regarding the use of soaps to clean equipment | have good bacterial activity |
| What is TRUE regarding the use of soaps to clean equipment | work poorly in hard water and can help remove organic material |
| What was the primary duty of the first inhalation therapit | support oxygen therapy |
| Statement that is true regarding the use of oxygen | oxygen accelerates the rate of combustion and increased oxygen concentration accelerates the rate of combustion |
| What voluntary accrediting agency monitors quality in respiratory care departments | JCAHO |
| What type of advanced directives can patients use to help resolve ethical dilemmas involving their life- sustaining care | durable power of attorney and living will |
| When did the designation "respiratory therapist" become standard | 1974 |
| In the standard approach to hospital fires,the RACE plan has been suggested. What does the letter "C" stand for in this application | contain |
| Treatment based on careful review of available literature is known as | evidence-based medicine |
| Has played a major role in increasing the cost of healthcare | compensatory justice |
| What is the most common, efficent and easiest sterilization method | steam sterilization |
| Who was the first to develop the large-scale production of oxygenin1907 | Karl von Lindi |
| Factors tha can have an impact on the outcomes of therapeutic communication between patient and practitioner | Verbal and nonverbal components of expession, environmental factors(eg noise, privacy), values and beliefs of both patient and practitioner, sensory and emotional factors(eg. fear, pain) |
| When a respiratory therapist defers a patient's question about a condition to the attending physician. What ethical principle is being practiced | role fidelity |
| What is NOT a category under Expanded Precautions | standard |
| What two names are linked with the development of the iron lung, which was extensively used to treat the polio epidemic in the 1950's | Drinker and Emerson |
| A therapist who says "Please explain that to me again" to a patient during an interview is using what interpersonal communication technique | clarifying |
| What is the minimum recommended time for handwashing in the healthcare environment | 15 seconds |
| Was one of the first positive-pressure ventilators development | Drager Pulmotor |
| What branch of law is concerned with the recognition and enforcement of the rights and duties of private individuals and organizations | civil |
| In 1846, who developed a water seal spirometer, which allowed accurate measurement of the patient's vital capacity | Hutchinson |
| To confirm a physicians prescription for a drug that you need to give to a patient, you would go to which section of the medical record | physician orders |
| What is the term for a civil wrong committed against an individual or property, for which a court provides a remedy in the form of damages | tort |
| what was the name of the first professional organization for the field of respiratory care | inhalation therapy association |
| To determine the most recent medical status of a patient whom you are about to start treating, you would go to which section of the medical record | progress sheet |
| what is NOT considered an intentional tort | negligent practice |
| what organization has developed an examination to enable respiratory therapists to become licensed | national board for respiratory care |
| what is the correct way to sign a medical record entry | C. White,LRCP,CRT |
| A physician orders an incorrect dose in a prescription for a powerful bronchodilator drug for an asthmatic pt. The respiratory therapist gives the prescribed dose, the patient has a fatal response and dies, who could a suit of negligence be bought against | respiratory therapist, attending ohysician, and dispensing pharmacist |
| The majority of respiratory care education programs in the United States offer what degree | Associates |
| The AARC is the professional organization of radiologic technologist in the USA | false |
| Sixteen inhales plus 16 exhales equals 32 respirations per minute | false |
| The practice of universal precautions assumes that all patients are potentially infected | true |
| Sitting or standing with your arms crossed sends a message of unacceptance | true |
| What nerve innervates many different locations throughout the body | vagus |
| Terminal air spaces that serve as sites for gas exchange are | alveoli |
| The presence of an abundance of goblet cells is indicative of a heavy | smoker |
| Type I cells comprise what % of the surface area of the lungs | 95 |
| The law that states that a bubble will shrink to its smallest size is what law | Laplace |
| There are how many alveoli in the human lung | 300,000,000 |
| What connects the upper and lower airways | larynx |
| Type II pneumocytes are located in the | alveoli |
| The canals of Lambert provide | collateral ventilation |
| Support is provided to the trachea by | cartilage |
| The trachea divides into | right and left mainstream bronchi |
| Difficult or labored breathing is | dyspnea |
| Core temperature is most accurate when taken | rectal |
| The primary muscle for ventilation is the | diaphragm |
| The point at which the trachea divides into right and left mainstream bronchi is the | carina |
| If an individual has 16 respirations per minute, they would have how many inspirations and expirations | 16;16 |
| The primary organ for gas exchange in the fetus is the fetus | placenta |
| When performing physical assessment , the "placing of hands" to detect physical signs is | palpation |
| A respiratory therapy practitioner is auscultating the chest of a pt. who has pneumonia and notes popping sounds in the left lower lobe @the end of inspiration. What terms should be recorded in the chart to describe the sounds | crackles |
| The functions of the upper airway include | conducting gases, heat exchange and humidification |
| The larynx functions as | aid in the cough reflex, serves as conducting airway and participates in speech |
| The uvula | is a cone- shaped process midline to the soft palate and monitors flow when a person coughs, sneezes or vomits |
| The narrowest portion of the infant airway is the | cricoid cartilage |
| The adult trachea is how long | 11cm |
| Type II | make surfactant, are highly metabolic, and store surfactant |
| A patient states he has trouble sleeping unless he uses two pillows, This comment is indicative | orthopnea |
| Most correctly describes the anatomic pathway of air to AC membrane | terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs |
| Patient XY is now running a fever, the temperature went from 36.7 degrees Celsius to 37.7 degrees Celsius. You should expect | increased oxygen demand and increased inspiratory rate |
| Gas exchange begin in the | respiratory bronchioles |
| The alveolar duct | ends in a cluster of alveolar sac, has smooth muscle present, is comprised of simple squamous epithelium, and extends from the 24th to the 27th generation |
| The narrowest portion of the adult airway | glottis |
| The bronchioles, as are the bronchi and trachea are composed of | pseudostratified ciliated epithelial |
| Alveolar ventilation is | the portion of gas available for gas exchange |
| Rate * tidal volume | Ve(minute ventilation) |
| How many segments are in the left lung | 8 |
| The nose performs many vital functions. Some are | warm, filter, humidifies, conducting airway and aids in phonation |
| By the time that inspired air reaches the carina, it has a relative humidity of | 100% |
| The right mainstream bronchus is ( ) the left mainstream bronchus | shorter and wider |
| Which of the following muscles are considered accessory muscles of ventilation | scalene and sternocleidomastoid |
| Which breathing pattern would MOST LIKELY be seen in s diabetic patient | Kussmaul's breathing |
| What nerve innervates the diaphragm | phrenic |
| This muscle is recruited after 3/4 of vital capacity has been inspired | sternocleidomastoid |
| Mucus is made by what | goblet cells and sub mucosal glands |
| When performing a visual assessment, the observation of the breathing pattern is | inspection |
| A greater than 10mmHg drop in blood pressure on inspiration is | pulse paradoxus |
| If a patient is breathing erratically with periods of apnea, he has which of | biots |
| What is the most common complaint in pulmonary disease | cough |
| An example of POMR method of documentation is the | SOAP charting |
| The normal value for the resting pulse rate of the adult is | 60-100bpm |
| Which of the following methods of temperature measurement is recommended for neonates | axillary |
| Increased PEEP would | increase continuous pressure in the intra pleural space, impede venous return, and decrease blood pressure |
| The respiratory components of the medulla and pons include | medullary, apneustic, pneumotaxic, and pontine |
| The peripheral chemo receptors are activated by a Po2 of | 60mmHg |
| When the apneustic center is stimulated ( ) becomes very ( ) | inspiration; long |
| Protects the lungs from excessive inflation | Hering- Breuer reflex |
| What is the response of the central chemoreceptors to a low CSF PCO2 | decrease the respiratory rate |
| Stimulation of the irritant reflex causes | cough, bronchoconstriction and increase tidal volume |
| The juxtapulmonary receptors are activated by | pulmonary edema and microemboli |
| The rate of breathing is based upon | emotion, carbon dioxide in the blood and metabolic status |
| Peripheral Chemoreceptors respond to | fluctuating levels of oxygen in the bloodstream |
| The kidney compensates for high carbon dioxide level by producing a | high level of bicarbonate(HCO3) |
| As PaCo2 increases the cerebrospinal fluid becomes | acidotic |
| A distance of 4-12 feet from the patient is considered | social space |
| The bleating sound, usually distorted by asking the patient to say "E" that changes to "A" | egophony |
| A harsh crowing sound usually heard on inspiration | stridor |
| A pt. who has mucus that is the color of red currant jelly usually has been infected with | Klebsiella |
| Observationof the "big picture" with regard to the pt. and their environment occurs in the | social |
| Breath sounds that are normally heard over the periphey of the the lungs | vesicular |
| Blood pressure is measured in | mmHg |
| What is the most common complaint in pulmonary disease | cough |
| The act of tapping on a surface is in an effort to evaluate the underlying tissue | percussion |
| A bluish color of the skin caused by a decrease in the oxygen saturation | cyanosis |
| The primary purpose of the respiratory system | continouous absorption of oxygen and excretion of carbon dioxide |
| By what mechanism does gas exchange across the lung occur | simple diffusion |
| In patients with chronic respiratory disease what does pedal edemal indicate | right ventricular failure |
| During exam of pt. extremities you press firmly for a brief period on a fingernail. You observe that it takes 5 seconds for the color to return to the nail bed. This is consistent with | reduction in cardiac output or poor peripherial perfusion |
| The fetus is potentially viable if born at the end of which stage of development | canalicular |
| During ausculation of a pt.'s chest, you hear abnormal discontinuous "bubbling" sounds at the lung bases. What best describes this | crackles heard at lung bases |
| What does the presence of stridor indicate | upper airway obstruction |
| The patency of small airways is maintained by | traction of surrounding elastic tissue and transmural pressure gradients |
| Identify functions of airway mucus in the normal lung | increase mucus production decreases bronchospasm, shield the airway from toxic particles and trap inhaled contaminants |
| Associated with tripodding | severe pulmonary hyperinflation |
| What factor contributes to increased likelihood of an upper airway obstruction in an infant compared to an adult | tongue that is proportionaly larger |
| What pulmonary disorder could lead to acute flattening of the diaphragm | Asthma |
| Terminal bronchioles are the | Smallest of the purely conducting airways |
| During posterior thoracic palpation of an adult you notice little/no movement on the right side during full deep breath. What would this condition explain? | Right sided pleural effusion, atelectasis of the right lower lobe and right lobar consolidation |
| At what point does the trachea branch into two mainstream bronchi | Carina |
| why do most aspirated objects and fluids end up in the right mainstream bronchus instead of the left mainstream bronchus | the right bronchus is more in line with the trachea |
| what portion of the left lung corresponds anatomically to the middle lobe of the right lung | lingula |
| What position is used to open the airway in an unconscious patient | sniff position |
| What is the function of the very small amount of pleural fluid found in the pleural space | reduces friction |
| what may cause the trachea to shift to the right | right upper lobe atelectasis |
| what is the most common cause of jugular venous disturtion (JVD) | right sided heart failure |
| what disease is associated with barrel chest | emphysema |
| What results in partial or total obstruction of the airway in an unconcious patient | relaxation of tongue an hypopharyngeal muscles |
| what is the cartilage that is commonly reffered to as the adam's apple? | thyroid |
| what breathing pattern is associated with severe atelectasis | rapid and shallow |
| a patient with asthma would tend to exhibit | prolong exhalation |
| Cheyne-Stokes | increased and decreased in depth and rate with periods of apnea(congestive heart failure) |
| Kussmaul | Deep and fast breathing(diabetes/ metabolic acidosis) |
| Tachypnea | rapid/fast breathing (excercise) |
| Apnea | no breathing |
| eupena | normal breath sounds |
| Bronchiovesicular | heard around the sternum; softer and slightly lower in pitch |
| vesicular | heard over lung parenchyma; represent atteneated turbulent flow sounds from the larger airways; very soft and low pitched |
| bronchial | high pitch, slightly longer expiration than inspiration |
| Ventimask set at 24% O2 has the flowmeter running @ 4LPM. What would increase the O2 concentration | decresing the air entrainment port size and increasing the oxygen- orifice diameter |
| What device would be contraindicated for a patient whose upper airway has been by passed | simple bubble humidifier |
| Relative Humidity | content divided by capacity*100 |
| Gas flowing in a streamlined fashion is called | laminar |
| The partial pressure of oxygen in room air, assuming dry, with a barometric pressure of 750mmHg is | 157.5mmHg |
| What is the total pressure of a gas mixture if PO2=90mmhg,PCO2=50mmHg,PN2=573mmHg and PH2O=47mm | 760mmHg |
| The accuracy of the Thorpe tube flow meter depends upon the | position of the needle valve, pressure compensation, and condition of the flow meter |
| The Bourdon gauge is the | flow meter of choice when O2 tank is on its side and is actually a pressure gauge |
| the temperature is 25 degrees Celsius what is it on the Kelvin scale | 298 K |
| another way to express 37 degree Celsius, 100% RH, atmospheric pressure is | BTPS |
| According to Graham's Law which of the following gases would diffuse most quickly | 0.543 gm./ liter |
| if the temperature of the room is raised and NO humidity is added | relative humidity will decrease |
| What is the PIO2 of air if the barometer pressure is 630mm What is the PIO2 of air if the barometric pressure is 630mmHg | 132mmHg |
| The pin-in-hole combination for oxygen is | 2 & 5 |
| the pin-in-hole combination for air is | 1 & 5 |
| The 5th floor called "code red" meaning fire. What should the respiratory therapist do first | shut off the zone valve |
| The force opposing the deformation of a fluid | viscosity |
| A patient is on a nasal cannula running @ 6 LPM. The therapist adds some extra tubing so that the patient can walk, this would | decrease the resistant to gas flow and increase the resistance to gas flow causing a more turbulent flow |
| A patient is receiving O2 @ 5LPM. His respiratory rate is normal and consistent. What is the approx. FIO2 he is receiving | 40% |
| How should the reservoir bag on a non rebreather mask be set when this device is used on a patient | remain partially inflated @ end-inspiration |
| The minimum flow that should be used to deliver O2 to a simple mas is | 5LPM |
| The ( ) was designed for the connecting valves of large cylinders | ASSS |
| A humidifier is a device that produces | water vapor |
| A pressure of 760mmHg, temperature of 0 degree Celsius and water vapor pressure of 0mmHg describes | STPD |
| The law that states that the pressure difference needed to drive a fluid through a tube in a streamline fashion is directly proportional to the viscosity, length of the tube, rate of flow, and inversely proportional to the fourth power of the radius is | Poiseuille's Law |
| As a gas temperature increases, it's ability from a to hold water | increases |
| A change in the state of matter from a liquid to gas | vaporization |
| The primary factor influencing the efficiency of a humidifier | temperature |
| The reason for the minimum flow rate to a mask | is to flush out exhaled CO2 |
| What would increase the likelihood of generating laminar air flow | increasing the radius of the tube |
| Oxygen concentrations that use semipermeable membranes can achieve ( ) O2 @ flows of 1-10LPM | 40 |
| If the temperature of a saturated gas decreases, which of the following will occur | condensation develops |
| Which of the following factors will decrease the FIO2 delivered by a low flow O2 system | Short inspiratory time, fast rate breathing, lower O2 input, and large minute ventilation |
| If you have to deliver medical gas to a patient from a compressed gas cylinder, which of the following devices is responsible only | flowmeter |
| how can one determine whether a pressure reducing valve uses multiple stages for pressure reduction? By noting the | # of pressure relief vents |
| What design components of an air injector would result in entraining the greatest amount of air | small orifice jet and large entrainment ports |
| A cooperative and alert postoperative patient taking food orally requires a small increment of FIO2 to be provided continuously. Precise FIO2 concentrations aren't needed. What device would be best to use | nasal cannula |
| What device is used to reduce the pressure and control the flow of a compressed medical gas | regulator |
| According to Bernoulli's principle, as a fluid flows through a narrow passage or sticture, what will occur | lateral pressure will fall |
| What is a false staement about low flow devices | The greater thepatient's inspiratory flow, the greater is the FIO2 |
| What is the usual method for monitoring the remaining contents in a gas filled cylinder | read the pressure gauge |
| Which of the following methods of heat transfer requires no direct contact between the warmer and cooler substances | radiation |
| What can properly applied O2 therapy decrease | ventilatory demand, work of breathing and cardiac output |
| By what means is oxygen for medical use in a hospital most commonly produced | fractional distillation |
| A patient has recorded body temp of 106 degrees of Fahrenheit. What is it in degrees Celsius | 41 degrees Celsius |
| The pin index safety system was created to avoid accidental use of inaccurate flow meters for various gases | false |
| A smaller surface area will increase the efficiency of a humidifier | false |
| Absolute zero | |
| Boyles Law | p1v1=p2v2 (temp/mass) |
| Charles Law | v1/t1=v2/t2 (pressure/mass) |
| Gay Lussacs Law | p1/t1=p2/t2 (volume/mass) |
| Combined gas law formula | p1v1/t1=p2v2/t2 |
| What agency is responsible for transporting medical gases | DOT |
| Which organization is responsible for the purity of medical gases | FDA |
| nasal cannula | is a low flow device that operates on 4-10 liter of flow and does not need humidity |
| casscade humidifier | works with high flow devices; some of its parts are inlet source, diffusion grid and water reservior |
| list the pulse sites | radial,carotid, femoral, brachial and dorsal pedis |
| What effect does temperature have on the efficiency of humidifiers | increase the temperature you increase the humidity |
| whateffect does the water level have on the efficency of a humidifier | decrease water level and you decrease humidity |
| Differentiate between a high flow device and a low flow device | high flow devices meet inspiratory demand and low flow devices don not |
| Name three examples of low flow devices | nasal cannula, partial rebreather and non rebreather mask |
| tidal volume of 500ml respiratory rate of 12. What is the minute volume | Ve=rr*Vt 12*500=6000 6.0 L |
| The patient is inhaling. What receptors would make him stop inhalation to bgin exhalation | Hering Breuer |
| During each cycle of normal resting ventilation a volume of gas is moved into and out of the respiratory tract. This cyclical volume is called | tidal volume |
| Which of the following pressures vary throughout the normal breathing cycle | alveloar pressure(Palv) and pleural pressuer(Ppl) |
| What is the primary goal of humidty therapy | maintain normal physiologic conditions |
| Which of the following would indicate a need for O2 therapy for an adult or child | SaO2 less than 90% and PaO2 less tha 60mmHg |
| You start a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patient on a nasal cannula @ 2L/min. What is the max time that should pass before assessing the patient's PaO2/SaO2 | 2 hours |
| Which of the following patient categories are @ high risk for developing atelectasis | those who are heavily sedated, those with abdominal and thoracic pain, those with neuromuscular disorders |
| Alveolar pressure(Palv) during normal breathing is | negative during inspiration and positive during expiration |
| Inhalation of of dry gases can | increase viscosity of secretions, impair mucocillary motility and increase airway irritability |
| Which of the following inspired conditions should be maintained when delivering medical gases directly into the trachea through an endotracheal tube or a tracheotomy tube | 100% Relative Humdity @ 32-35 degrees of Celsiuis |
| Which of the following signs and symptoms are associated with the presence of hypoxemia | tachypnea, tachycardia, and cyanosis |
| What clinical finding would indicate the development of atelectasis | opacified areas on the chest x-ray film, tachypnea and diminished/bronchial breath sounds |
| Simple unheated bubble humidifiers are commonly used to humidify gases with what type of systems | oronasal oxygen delivery |
| What is consistent with the radiographic appearence after prolonged exposure to O2 | patchy infiltrates |
| A patient with chronic hypercapnia placed on a FIO2 of 0.6 starts hypoventilating. What is the probalble cause of this phenomenon | O2 induced hypoventilation |
| What happens during normal inspiration | Ppl decreases further below atmospheric, transpulmonary pressure gradient widens and Palv drops below that At the airway opening |
| To minimize the risk of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP), The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends keeping the PaO2 below what level | 80mmHg |
| To ensure a stable FIO2 under varying patient demands, What must an O2 delivery system do | provide all the gas needed by the patient during inspiration |
| Which type of humidifier "traps" the patient's body heat and expired water vapor to raise the humidity of inspired gas | heat moisture exchanger |
| What is the effect of surface tension forces in the air filled lung | it increases the elastic recoil of the lung(promoting collapse), it makes the lung harder to inflate than if it were filled with water |
| A cooperative and alert postoperative patient taking food orally requires a small increment in FIO2 to be provided continuously. Precise FIO2 concentrations are not needed. What device would be best to use | nasal cannula |
| What type of patient would you select a heated humidifier? A patient receiving | oxygen through a bypassed upper airway |
| The presence of surfactant in the alveoli tends to | decrease surface tension |
| How is compliance computed | change in volume/change in pressure |
| Normal lung compliance is approximately | 0.20L/cmH20 |
| You enterthe room of a patient who is receiving nasal O2 through a bubble humidifier @ 5L/min. You immediately notice that the humidifier pressure relief is popping off. What is the appropriate action for this situation | look for crimped or twisted delivery tubing |
| What is FALSE in reference to air entrainment systems | their FIO2 values are directly proportional to their total flow |
| Which of the following factors determine the actual O2 provided by an air entrainment system | O2 input flow to the jet and resistance down stream from the jet |
| A patient receiving 35% O2 through an air entrainment mask set @ ^L/min input flow becomestachypneic. You notice that the SpO2 has fallen from 91% to 87%. What action would be appropriate | increase the device's flow to 10L/min |
| You design an air entrainment system that mixes air with O2 at a fixed ratio of 1:7(1L air to 7L O2)About what O2 will this device provide | 90% |
| A45 year old patinet with congestive heart failure receiving O2 through a 35% air entrainment mask; witha an O2 input of 6L/min. What is the total gas flow | 34L/min |
| cylinder duration of FLOW formula | psi * tank factor/ flow |
| tank factors | E cylinder = 0.28 G cylinder = 2.41 H cylinder = 3.14 |
| cylinder colors | oxygen=green, carbondioxide=gray, helium=brown, heliox=green/brown, nitrous oxide=blue, nitic oxide=teal/black |
| formula for minute volume | Ve(minute volume)= rr * Vt(tidal volume) |
| filled oxygen tanks will always equal | 2200psi |
| entrainment ratios | 100=0,80=0.3, 70=0.6| 60=1,50=1.7| 45=2, 40=3, 35=5,30=8| 28=10, 24=25 |
| Fahrenheit to Kelvin | Celsius= 5/9 * (Fahrenheit-32) THEN K=C - 273 |
| Celsius to Kelvin | K=C + 273 |
| duration of GAS | duration of gas(min)= amt of gas in cylinder/flow(L/min) |
| Ideal body weight(men) | IBW(lbs)=106 + 6[height(in)-60] |
| Ideal body weight(women) | IBW(lbs)=105 + 5[height(in)-60] |
| Formula for Relative Humidity | RH= Content/Capacity * 100 |
| Desired FIO2 formula | Desired FIO2= PaO2(desired) * FIO2(known)/PaO2(known) |
| Rule of 5's | multiply FIO2 by 5 and will give you the PaO2OF NORMAL person |
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