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SBI4UC - Biology
Gr. 12 Biology (ON, Canada)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | A particle composed of a central nucleus of positively charged protons and neutrally charged neutrons surrounded by shells (orbits) of negatively charged electrons. They are neutrally charged with the same number of protons and electrons. |
| Atomic Number | The number of Protons in an atom |
| Atomic Mass No. | The weighted average of an atoms isotopes. |
| Atomic Mass | The number of Protons & Neutrons of an atom |
| Biochemistry | The study of the chemical involved in living things. |
| Bohr-Rutherford Diagram | (Bohr Diagram) A simple model of an atom showing the arrangement of electrons in their shells |
| Electron | Negatively charged subatomic particle, orbits a nucleus in an atom. Can move into different orbits., most stable closer to the core at lower energy. Abbreviation e- |
| Elements | Different types of atoms they are represented by the atomic symbol and organized into the Period Table. |
| Ion | A form of atom that has gained (cation) or lost (anion) electrons to become stable. The nucleus remains the same. |
| Isotope | Atoms that contain the same number of protons as the common form of the element, but have a different number of neutrons. |
| Lewis Diagram | (Lewis Structure) Shows valence electrons represented by a dot or an X surrounding the atomic symbol of the element. Used to illustrated how an atom will react with other atoms. |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Noble Gases | Group VII in the period table, these elements are naturally most stable and tend not to form compounds. They are non-reactive. |
| Octet Rule | Atom is most stable with max. No. Of valence electrons in shell (typically 8e-) |
| Periodic Table | An organizational chart arranging the different known elements into Groups (vertical columns) and Periods (horizontal rows). Each element is represented by Atomic Symbol, Atomic Mass No., Atomic Number, and other distinguishing features. |
| Half-Life | The time it takes for an elements isotope to complete half of its radioactive decay process. |
| Nuclear Medicine | field of medicine which uses radioisotopes for diagnosis & treatments |
| Radioisotope | Isotope with an unstable nucleus, it gradually breaks down into fewer neutrons towards the common form amount through a process called radioactive decay. They are rarely found in nature but can be made in small nuclear reactors. |
| Radioactive Tracer | Chemical Structures with added radioactive isotopes used to follow chemicals through reactions by the form of x-ray light given off during radioactive decay. They can be used to understand biochemical reactions & "tag" protein & DNA in heredity. |
| Radioactive Tracer Example: Thyroid | Isotopes of 131I can be injected into a thyroid gland, the light emitted from the absorbed amount can then be photograph using an x-ray. Dr's can observe the photo & determine if it is diseased or cancerous, larger glands are often a sign of cancer |
| Radioactive Trace Example: Cancer Treatment | Isotopes with short half-lifes (hours to days) are inserted into molecules targeted for absorption of specific cells or tissues. The low level radiation given off in the locality is intense enough to kill nearby cancerous cells. |
| Radiocarbon Dating | processes used to measure the age of organic materials up to 40,000 yrs old, through the ratio of the isotope 14C, which is incorporated into living tissue only during life, to 12C. The half-life is 5730 yrs, the lower the ratio the older the object. |
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