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MVCTC LPN CHAP 50
MVCTC LPN LINTON CHAP. 50 - SKIN DISORDERS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Skin secretions | sweat, sebum |
| Vitamin D | Ultraviolet rays in sunlight activate a substance in the skin that is converted into |
| Skin contains | 10% of body's total blood volume |
| Pruritus | Itching |
| Lentigines | pigmented sun spots on sun exposed areas (Liver spots) |
| Senile purpura | large, purpleish bruises that resolve slowly |
| Macule | distinct flat area with color differant from surrounding tissue |
| Papule | raised, solid lesion w/ clearly defined margins <1 cm in diameter |
| Vesicle | raised fluid filled cavity, <1 cm in diameter |
| Pestule | raised, well defined cavity that containes pus |
| Patch | macule >1 cm |
| Plaque | combined papules that form a raised area >1 cm in diameter |
| Nodule | raised, solid lesion >1 cm in diameter; may be hard or soft and may extend deeper into dermis than papule |
| Wheal | superficial, irregular swelling caused by fluid accumilation |
| Tumor | firm or soft lesion that extends deep into dermis |
| Bulla | thin-walled, fluid filled chamber >1 cm in diameter |
| Crust | thick, dried exudate remaining after vesicles rupture |
| Scale | dry or greasy skin flakes |
| Fissure | distinct linear crack extending into dermis |
| Erosion | shallow, superficial depression |
| Ulcer | depression deeper than erosion, may bleed |
| Excoriation | abrasion caused by scratching |
| Nevus (mole) | flat or raised, color darker than surrounding skin |
| Cyst | fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous tissue |
| Tzanck smear | used to diagnose viral skin infections |
| Potassium hydroxide examination | done to diagnose fungal infectionsof the skin, hair, or nails |
| Wood's light examination | black light is used to assess for pigmentation changes and superficial skin infections |
| Shave biopsy | specimen no deeper than the dermis |
| Punch biopsy | a circular tool cuts around the lesion, which is then lifted up and severed |
| Surgical excision | for deep specimens, sutures are required to close |
| Keratolytics | Benzoyl peroxide, Salicylic acid, Sulfer, Coal tar |
| Topical Antibacterials | Bacitracin, Polysporin, Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) |
| Antiviral Agents | Acyclovir (Zovirax), Famciclovir, Valacyclovir, Foscarnet |
| Topical Antifungal Agents | Nystatin, Clotrimazole, Oxconazole, Naftifine, Terbinafine (Lamisil) |
| Oral Antifungal Agents | Terbinafine (Lamisil), Griseofulvin, Ketoconazole |
| Topical Anti-Inflammatories | Hydrocortisone, Triamcinolone, Fluocinolone |
| Topical Anti-Infective | Azelaic acid (Azelex) |
| Vitamin A Derivative | Tretinoin (Retin-A), Isotretinoin (Accutane), Adapalene (Differin) |
| Pediculicides and Scabicides | Crotamiton (Eurax), Permethrin (Nix), Lindane (Kwell) |
| Antipsoriatics | Anthralin tar (Estar gel) |
| Retinoid Antpsoriatic | Acitretin (Soriatane) |
| Atopic Dermatitis | one of several disorders referred to as eczema |
| Contact Dermatitis | an inflammatory condition caused by contact with a substance that triggers an alergic response. |
| Seborrheic Dermatitis | a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin. It usually affects the scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, lips, ears, sternal area axillae, umbilicus, groin, gluteal crease, and under the breasts. |
| Psoriasis | an inflammatory disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation of skin cells. (Bright red lesions that may be covered with silvery scales) |
| Intertrigo | inflammation of the skin where two skin surfaces touch: axillae, abdominal skinfolds, and the area under the breasts. |
| Tinea pedis | fungal infection of feet (athlete's foot) |
| Tinea manus | fungal infection of hand |
| Tinea cruris | fungal infection of groin |
| Tinea capitis | fungal infection of scalp (dandruff) |
| Tinea corporis | fungal infection of body |
| Tinea barbae | fungal infection of the beard |
| Candidiasis albicans | yeast infection |
| Acne | a skin condition that affects the hair follicles and sebaceous glands |
| Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) | an infection that begins with itching and burning and progresses to the development of vesicles that rupture and form crusts. |
| Herpes Zoster | commonly called shingles, caused by varicella-zoster virus, itching and heightened sensitivity along a nerve pathway. |
| Necrotizing Fascitits | an infection of the deep fascial structures under the skin, both aerobic and anaerobic organisms may be present. |
| Pemphigus | a chronic autoimmune condition in which bullae (blisters) develop on the face, back, chest, groin, and umbilicus. |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | painless, nodular lesions that have a pearly appearance, grow slowly and rarely metastasize |
| Squamous Cell Carcinomas | appear as scaly ulcers or raised lesions, usually no clear lesion margins. Grow rapidly and metastisize |
| Melanoma | arises from the pignent producing cells in the skin, most serious form of skin cancer |
| Kaposi's Sarcoma | a malignancy of the blood vessels, lesions appear first on the legs and then on the upper body, face, and mouth |
| Superficial burn | burn affecting only the epidermis layer (sunburn, pink to red and painful) |
| Superficial Partial-thickness burn | a burn that affects the epidermis and dermis (painful, appear blistered or weepy, pale to red or pink) |
| Deep Partial-thickness burns | burn is characterized by large, thick-walled blisters or edema and weeping, cherry-red, exposed dermis |
| Full-thickness burns | involve the epidermis, dermis and underlying tissues, including fat, muscle and bone. Appear dry, feel leathery, may be red, white, brown or black |
| Curling's Ulcer | blood flow to the intestines decreases, and an ilius may develop. Treat with antacids to neutralze gastric acid |
| Debridement | removal of debris and nerotic (dead) tissue from a woun |
| Autograft | garft using patient's own skin, usually taken from the thigh or buttocks |
| Split thickness graft | shhet or mesh graft that has multiple tiny slits that allows it to be streched over a larger area |
| Full thickness graft | includes skin and subcutaneous tissue for better cosmetic results |
| Pedicle or Flap graft | a section or tube of donor tissue sutured to the wound site while the other end of the graft remains attached to the doner site. |
| Angiomas | bright red papules (benign tumors of blood vessels) |
| Seborrheic keratoses | waxy raised lesions, flesh colored, dark brown or black, various sizes |
| Acrochordons | small soft raised lesions, flesh colored or pigmented (skin tags) |
| Palpation of skin checks? | tenderness, temperature, texture, edema, skin mobility, turgor |
| Scabies scaping | examined under microscope for mites, eggs or feces |
| Patch testing | common irritants applied to skin and covered with special patches |
| Dry dressing | protects wounds, absorb drainage |
| Wet dressing | reduce inflammation, soften crusts, promote tissue granulation |
| Absorptive dressing | promote removal of exudate, necrotic tissue |
| Occlusive dressing | maintain moisture to promote healing |
| Phototherapy | use of ultraviolet light in combination with photosensitive drug (light is A,B, or C) |
| Photochemotherapy (PUVA) | oral and topical treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and long wave ultraviolet light (A) |
| Candidiasis - moniliasis | yeast infection, most common sites: skin, mouth, vagina, GI tract and lungs |
| Rosacea | common inflammatory condition that effects the blood vessels of the central part of the face |
| Impetigo | caused by streptococcus A, highly contagious, vesicles or pustules that rupture and leave thick honey colored crusts |
| Cellulitis | caused by streptococcus pyogenes (pus producing), can be from other microorganisms |
| Pediculosis corporis | body lice |
| Pediculosis capitis | head lice |
| Pediculosis pubis | pubic lice |
| Scabies | Sacoptes scabiei mite, lesions (wavy tunnel lines) commonly occur in finger webs, wrists, elbows, auxillary folds, belt line, lower buttock, areola in women, genitals in men |
| Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma | migration of malignant T-cells to the skin, may look like eczema, then tumors develop and ulcerate |
| Rule of 9's | estimates the % of body surface area burned by assigning % of nine or multiples of nine |
Created by:
Kevint
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