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MOLB Chapter 8
Microbial Genetics
Term | Definition |
---|---|
genes | segments of DNA that encode for a functional product |
genome | all DNA of an organism including mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA |
chromosomes | large structure of DNA that houses DNA |
plasmid | small circular piece of extrachromosomal DNA that carry "accessory genes" |
start codons | codons that initiate protein synthesis, AUG |
codons | group of 3 base pairs that code for an amino acid UAA, UAG, UGA |
stop/nonsense codons | signal the end of protein synthesis |
Horizontal gene transfer | transfer of DNA between cells of the same generation |
Vertical gene transfer | occurs during reproduction between generations of cells |