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DJ vocab words

Vocabulary chapter 7

TermDefinition
Cell Collection of the living matter enclosed by a barrier that seperates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life
Cell Theory Idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things,m and new cells are produced from existing cells.
Nucleus The center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cells genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities.
Eukaryote Organism whose cell contain nuclei.
Prokaryote Organism whose cells lack a nucleus.
Organelle Specialized structure that performs imporant cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell.
Cytoplasm Material inside the cell membrane-note including the nucleus.
Nuclear Envelope Layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell.
Chromatin Granular material vissible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins.
Chromosome Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.
Nucleolus Small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begin.
Ribosome Small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled, made of RNA and protein.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified.
Golgi Apparatus Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Lysosome Cell organell filled with enzymes needed to break down certain material in the cell.
Vacuole Cell orgenelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carborhydrates.
Mitochondrion Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
Chloroploast Orgaelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.
Cytoskeleton Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain it's shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement.
Centriole One of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells hear the nuclear envelope.
Cell Membrane Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
Cell Wall Stron supporting layer around hecell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria.
Lipid Bilayer Double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes.
Concentration The mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume
Diffusion Process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.
Equilibrium When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution.
Osmosis Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Facilitated Diffusion Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through proteins channels.
Active Transport Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference.
Endocytosis Process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane.
Phagocytosis Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.
Pinocytosis Process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment.
Exocytosis Process by which a cell release large amounts of material.
Tissue Group of similar cells that perform a particular function.
Organ Group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions.
Organ System Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
Created by: DJ Sosa
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