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DNA tech
DNA technology
| Term | Definition | hints/examples |
|---|---|---|
| differentiated | the process of a cell becoming programmed to become a cell with very specific structure and function | to become 'different' stem cells produce differentiated cells |
| DNA analysis | the process of comparing one DNA sample to other DNA samples | |
| DNA sequence | the specific order of nucleotides on any segment of DNA | |
| fragments | pieces of DNA nucleotide sequences - of different lengths | |
| gel electrophoresis | a process that separates DNA fragments based upon their size (nucleotide sequence length), separation of DNA is done by an electrical current passing through a gel | "electro-" means electricity "-phoresis" means to separate |
| gene cloning | the process of copying a specific DNA nucleotide sequence | a 'clone' is a copy |
| gene therapy | the process of replacing 'bad' DNA sequences (alleles) with 'good' DNA sequences (alleles) to improve an organism in some way | |
| genetic engineering | the process of adding new DNA sequences (genes) to an organism's own DNA | |
| genetically modified organism (GMO) | an organism that is the product of genetic engineering - has had 'foreign' DNA added to its DNA | corn, soybeans, cotton |
| polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | the process of reproducing small sequences of DNA artificially - mimics natures DNA replication process | |
| preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) | to determine the genetic make up of an embryonic cell before inserting it into a uterus | |
| recombinant DNA | when two DNA sources are mixed to become one | 'to recombine DNA' |
| reproductive cloning | the process of producing a genetically identical organism | |
| restriction enzymes | proteins that are capable of cutting DNA at very specific nucleotide sequence sites - produced in nature by bacteria to 'cut up' viral DNA | |
| sticky ends | the nucleotide 'ends' created by restriction enzymes, the 'stick' to other complementary ends made by the same restriction enzymes | |
| technology | a tool to improve our conditions or to make life easier | |
| undifferentiated | cells that are not programmed to take on a specific structure and function, but instead produce cells that do | stem cells themselves are undifferentiated |