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cell division/cancer

cell division and cancer

TermDefinitionHint/Example
asexual a cell reproduction process that produces genetically identical offspring "a-" means lack of or opposite of
sexual a cell reproduction process that produces genetically different offspring
binary fission asexual reproduction of bacteria (prokaryotic cells) "bi-" means two fission means to split
chromosome any specific strand of a dividing cell's DNA
centromere a structure that connects two chromatids
gene a specific sequence of DNA that codes for a specific cellular trait
spindle fiber a cytoskeleton structure that moves chromosomes (and chromatids) during mitosis
chromatid one of two identical strands of DNA, sometimes attached by a centromere
chromatin the DNA fragments of a nucleus, a nondividing cell
mutations any change in the nucleotide sequence of a cell's DNA
mitosis the process by which a cell distributes (equally) its chromosomes during the cell division process
cell cycle the series of steps a cell goes through within one generation, producing a second generation as a result
interphase the parts of the cell cycle excluding mitosis and cytokinesis "inter-" means in between, in between cell divisions
prophase the first phase of mitosis in which chromosomes become visible (from chromatin) think PMAT, the P is for prophase
metaphase the second phase of mitosis in which the chromatids (of chromosomes) line up think PMAT, the M is for metaphase
anaphase the third phase of mitosis in which the chromatids (of chromosomes) separate to opposite 'poles' think PMAT, the A is for anaphase
telophase the last phase of mitosis in which the chromatids (chromosomes) reorganize into two new nucleii the PMAT, the T is for telophase
cytokinesis the process by which the cytoplasm and membrane of a cell splits into two to produce two new cells "cyto-" means cell
amitotic the inability of a cell to divide - to undergo mitosis "a-" means opposite or lack of
cancer a disease which occurs when the cycle speeds up producing underdeveloped and overabundant cells
differentiated the process of a cell becoming programmed to become a cell with very specific structure and function to become 'different' stem cells produce differentiated cells
undifferentiated cells that are not programmed to take on a specific structure and function, but instead produce cells that do stem cells themselves are undifferentiated
stem cells cells that have the potential to differentiate (develop) into many different cell types in the body a stem on a tree can split into many types of branches
G1 phase of the cell cycle when cells grow and make new proteins and organelles gap/growth 1; 1st part of interphase
S phase of the cell cycle when chromosomes (DNA) are replicated synthesis means "to make"; 3rd part of interphase
G2 phase of the cell cycle when organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced in preparation for mitosis gap/growth 2; 3rd part of interphase
Created by: mrjaeckels
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