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cell and energy

cell energy - cellular respiration and photosynthesis

TermDefinitionhint/examples
adenosine diphosphate a molecule by which one phosphate attaches to create ATP "di" means two
aerobic a process that requires oxygen think 'aer' = air = oxygen
alcohol fermentation an anerobic process in which sugar is converted to ATP, alcohol and carbon dioxide are products
anaerobic a process that does not require oxygen "an-" equal lacking
adenosine triphosphate the cell energy molecule "tri-" means three
autotroph an organism that converts light energy into chemical energy, an organism that photosynthesizes "auto-" means self "-troph" means to feed
calvin cycle part of the light independent reactions of photosynthesis in which glucose is a product
carotenoids a specific group of pigments that absorb yellow to orange light think 'carrots are yellow and orange'
cellular respiration the cell process of converting sugar into ATP
chlorophyll a specific group of pigments that absorb red, orange, blue and violet light
cuticle a waxy outer coating of a leaf, it is hydrophilic
electron acceptor a molecule that has the ability to accept 'free' electrons examples: NAD+, FADH and NADP
electron carriers a molecule that transports electrons as an energy source within the cell examples: NADH, FADH2 and NADPH
electron transport chain a series of chemical reactions in which the energy from electrons is transferred, captured and used
electrons the energy carrying part of the atom
glycolysis the first part of cellular respiration in which one (six carbon) glucose molecule is split into two (three carbon) pyruvate molecules "glyco'" means sugar (glucose) "-lysis" means to split
guard cells cells that surround a leaf's stomata, they allow the stomata to open and close these cells 'guard' the stomata
heterotroph an organisms that relies on autotrophs for its energy source, they are not photosynthetic "hetero-" means other "-troph" means to feed
Kreb's cycle a part of the aerobic respiration chemical pathway that supplies electrons to the electron transport chain and produces two ATP molecules
lactic acid fermentation an aerobic process in which sugar is converted to ATP, lactic acid is product
light-dependent reaction chemical reactions in the photosynthesis process that requires visible light energy and pigments
light-independent reaction chemical reactions in the photosynthesis process that does not require light energy and pigments, the products of the light-dependent reactions become the reactants of these reactions
palisade mesophyll long narrow leaf cells found at the 'top' of the cell that contain large amounts of chloroplasts
phloem cells of the leaf (and other plant parts) that transport sugars produced by leaf cells
phosphate bond an energy storing (and releasing) bond of ATP (and ADP)
photosynthesis a process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy (sugar) "photo-" means light "-synthesis" means to make
pigment a substance capable of a absorbing (or reflecting) light
products the newly formed substances of a chemical reaction which are different from the reactants of that reaction
reactants those substances that are necessary for a chemical reaction, they are changed as a result of that reaction
spongy mesophyll those photosynthesizing leaf cells that are separated by large 'airy' spaces, found 'below' the palisade mesophyll sponges (spongy) have holes in them
stomata openings on the underside of a leaf that allows for the transport of gases into and out of the leaf
visible light spectrum that part of the sun's energy that fuels the process of photosynthesis think rainbow - ROYGBIV (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indogo and violet light)
xylem cells of the leaf (and other plant parts) that transport water from the roots
Created by: mrjaeckels
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