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FCSDGeo-Astronomy
Earth in Space vocabulary (10)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| apparent motion | the way celestial objects appear to move across the sky |
| axis (of rotation) | imaginary line around which an object rotates |
| celetial object | object in the sky ouside Earth's atmosphere; sun, moon, stars & planets |
| celestial sphere | imaginary sphere encircling Earth on which all objects in the night sky appear |
| constellation | observed pattern people use to mark the position of stars in the sky; one of the 88 regions of the night sky each associated with a particular group of stars |
| cyclic change | a change that repeats itself, such as the annual cycle of the seasons or the apparent daily motion of the sun through the sky |
| day | average interval of time during which the sun passes from its highest point on one day to its highest point on the next; approximately 24 hours |
| equinox | time at which the sun is directly above the equator, & all placed on the Earth have 12 hours of daylight & 12 hours of darkness; occur near the end of March & September; mark the beginning of spring and autumn (fall) |
| Foucault pendulum | weight that is free to rotate as it swings bakc & forth; its slow change in direction of swing is proof of Earth's rotation |
| geocentric model | early model of the solar system & universe in which Earth is stationary, located at the center of the universe, & around which all celestial objects revolve |
| heliocentric model | modern model of the solar system & unverse in which the planets revolve around the sun & Earth undergoes daily rotation |
| hour | 1/24 of a day |
| orbit | path (usually and ellipse) of any satellite around its primary |
| revolution | orbital motion of a satellite around its primary |
| rotation | spinning of a body around an internal axis (causes day & night on Earth) |
| seasons | annual cycle weather conditions as Earth orbits the sun |
| solstice | in the Northern hemisphere, most hours of daylight when the sun is directly above the Tropic of Cancer or least hours of daylight when the sun is directly over the Tropic of Capricorn; occur about June 21 & Dec 21, mark the beginning of summer & winter |
| terrestrial | objects that are part of Earth, such as rocks, oceans, & clouds |
| Tropic of Cancer | farthest north the vertical ray of sunlight reaches (at the June solstice); 23 1/2 degrees north of the equator |
| Tropic of Capricorn | farthest south the vertical ray of sunlight reaches (at the December solstice); 23 1/2 degrees south of the equator |
| year | time required for a planet (Earth) to complete one orbit around its primary (sun); 365 1/4 days on Earth |
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