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OB 2nd midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the amount of weight the infant commonly loses a few days after birth and why? | The infant loses up to 10% the first few days do to water loss and less calorie consumption. |
| How much intake do infants usually take by the end of the first week? | 2-3oz |
| When should the infant regain up to their birth wt? | by two weeks |
| should a infant be fed water? | NO |
| during what period did bottle feeding outnumber the amount of breast feeding | 1940's-1060's |
| (DURING GESTATION) When does the breast develop and prepare for lactation | 16 weeks |
| What hormones stimulates alveoli's in breast feeding? | Estrogen/progesterone, stimulate alveoli and ductal system in breasts |
| What Hormone stimulates milk production? | Prolactin (stimulated by pituitary. |
| What happens when Progesterone and estrogen levels fall after birth? | prolactin increases to stimulate milk production |
| what is released after birth in response to infant suckling and stimulates the "let down reflex"? | Oxytocin is released |
| Ways to prepare for breast feeding | do not use soap or harsh body cleansers/do not roll or pinch to toughen nipple |
| What is the milk called at the completion of breast feeding that is most caloric? | Hind milk |
| (STAGES IN MILK COMPOSITION) Which milk is thick, yellow, high in fat, vitamins & minerals. high in immunoglobulins, and has a laxative effect to pass meconium? | Colostrum |
| (STAGES IN MILK COMPOSITION) What milk is known as the "in-between" milk and has lactose, fat, and calories increases? | Transitional Milk |
| (STAGES IN MILK COMPOSITION) What milk is thinner, bluish, and appears after the first two weeks postpartum | mature milk |
| What are anatomical issues the may pose a challenge to breast feeding mothers? | inverted, flat, and everted nipples |
| red, bruised, blistered, fissured, and tender are signs of what? | Poor latching during feeding |
| rooting, sucking on hands, fussiness, awake, crying are signs of what? | baby is ready to feed |
| When should the nurse assess the new mother with breastfeeding? | optimally within the first hour |
| cradling, football and side-lying are | ways to hold the baby during feeding using a C or V to support her breast |
| rhythmic=pattern of suckling with audible swallows | Nutritive |
| pattern of suckling has irregular sucking pattern with no audible sucks | Non-Nutritive |
| FEEDING FREQUENCY | at least every 2-4 hours if not more |
| FEEDING FREQUENCY | at least every 4 hours during the night |
| FEEDING FREQUENCY | at least 8-12 feedings everyday |
| Feeding length | at least 10-15 minutes if not longer |
| feeding length | longer initial feeds are needed to stimulate the release oxytocin for the "let down reflex" |
| watery first milk that quenches thirst | Foremilk |
| thicker, richer, milk that provides more calories for Wt gain and satisfaction | Hind-milk |
| How long does the APP recommend babies "exclusively breast feed for? | first 6 months of life |
| promotion of involution | benefits of breastfeeding |
| assistance in weight control for mom | benefits of breastfeeding |
| oxytocin is believed to coincide with mood and increased feeling in maternal well-being | (psychological) benefits of breastfeeding |
| natural birth control, delayed ovulation | (contraceptive) benefits of breastfeeding |
| DISEASE REDUCTION for breastfeeding: mother | type 2 diabetes |
| DISEASE REDUCTION for breastfeeding: mother | Breast cancer |
| DISEASE REDUCTION for breastfeeding: mother | ovarian cancer |
| DISEASE REDUCTION for breastfeeding: mother | postpartum cancer |
| DISEASE REDUCTION for breastfeeding: INFANT | NEC |
| DISEASE REDUCTION for breastfeeding: INFANT | lower respiratory problems |
| DISEASE REDUCTION for breastfeeding: INFANT | asthma |
| DISEASE REDUCTION for breastfeeding: INFANT | ear infections |
| DISEASE REDUCTION for breastfeeding: INFANT | obesity |
| DISEASE REDUCTION for breastfeeding: INFANT | type 2 diabetes |
| DISEASE REDUCTION for breastfeeding: INFANT | childhood leukemia |
| DISEASE REDUCTION for breastfeeding: INFANT | atopic dermatitis |
| DISEASE REDUCTION for breastfeeding: INFANT | SIDS |
| Breast feeding Benefits -INFANTS | easy to digest, less constipation |
| Breast feeding Benefits -INFANTS | Breast milk contains factors that establish normal intestinal flora |
| Breast feeding Benefits -INFANTS | builds immune system, helps baby fight infection |
| how many mom still breastfeed their babies after 6 months? | 13% |
| What demographic is the lowest in breast feeding? | black americans |
| lack of knowledge, lactation problems, poor social support, embarrassment, employment are examples of? | barriers to breastfeeding |
| To avoid nipple confusion, when is a good time to introduce formula? | after 6-8 weeks |
| What could decrease milk supply? | smoking, inadequate diet/rest, ETOH, caffeine |
| (book says) 3 wet diapers/ 3 stools by 3rd day of life means | baby is getting enough milk |
| (clinical Rule) 6-8 wet diapers per day after 2-3rd day of life | Baby is getting enough milk |
| lower lip turned in, tongue thrusting, no audible swallowing sounds are signs of | suckling problems |
| checking for congenital anomalies, evaluate risk of pregnancy, promote baseline information, and accurate gestational age are examples of what? | indications for fetal diagnostics |
| most reliable indication for gestational age during the first trimester | crown rump measurement |
| What can a pregnant lady due to make sure she has a successful ultrasound? | Drink plenty of water so the bladder can displace intestines, and elevate the uterus. |
| femur length, biparietal diameter, and abdominal circumference are assessments of | ultrasounds during last half of being prego |
| levels of ultrasound level I | basic |
| levels of ultrasound level II | comprehensive |
| levels of ultrasound III | specific area |
| assessments of the blood flow through the fetal structures such as umbilical artery in pregnancies complicated by HTN or fetal growth restriction can be found by using the .. | Doppler |
| What is the quad marker screening and when is it most accurate? | its a blood test that screens for increased risk of down syndrome and neural tube defects and is best taken at 16-18 wks. |
| AFP (protein produced by liver) Unconjugted estriol (protein produced in placenta and babies liver) hCG (hormone produced by placenta), and inhidin-A are screened using what test? | Quad Marker |
| advantages are a blood sample, least invasive, and gives time to decide options, disadvantages are first step of many, wrong age could alter results, limited time-frame, closed defects are covered by skin and wont be included in results | Quad-Marker Screening |
| What are indications for chronic villus sampling? | women at high-risk for genetic abnormalities, advanced age, history of previous fetus with abnormalities. genetic defect carrier |
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