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Climate Ch1,2
GEOGRAPHY 501 Climate Change Mathez Chapter 1 and 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lving Mass | Biosphere |
| Solid Earth | Lithosphere |
| Sea Level | Cryosphere |
| Carbon Cycle | Flow of Carbon amont the various reservoirs |
| 99.9 percent of the carbon exists in | lithosphere |
| Feedbacks | amplify and diminish effects of hte climate change |
| Different time scales represent | climate phenomena |
| Daily | Warm days and cool nights due to solar heating on Earth rotation |
| 3-7 | Weather events such as passage of fronts |
| Months | Eastward propagating weather disturbances acrss tropical Indian and Pacific oceans |
| Yearly | Warm summers, cool winters, precipitation due tils of Earth spin axis |
| 26-36 months | periodic wind and temperature oscilations in the equatorial stratosphere due to the internal atmosphere dynamics |
| 2-7 years | El Nino Events |
| El Nino Accounts for | oscilations in equatorial Pacific Oceans |
| 1-3 decades | NAO |
| NOA | North Atlantic Oscilations |
| Centuries | Irregular Fluctuations |
| Irregular Fluctuations are due the | solar irradiance |
| Major gases | methane, ozone, water vapor |
| Greenhouse gases reside mostly in the | tropospehere |
| troposphere relative height | 10-15 kilometers |
| Why climate is warming | energy is trapped in the atmosphere wather than escaping in space |
| Is warming a regional or global phenomenon? | global |
| Redistributions of heat are due | ENSO, and NOA |
| Rising Sea Levels are waht scale? | 2.6 plus minus 0.4 mm per year |
| IPCC | United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
| Megadraughts | SW America Experienced them about 1000 years ago |
| Tipping points | large abrupt shifts in climate response factors |
| Holecene | Climate of the past 11,600 years |
| Complex societies have been around | 6000 years |
| Paleoclimate | tree rings cave deposits |
| Composition of the atmosphere from lowest to highest | Troposphere - Stratosphere - Mesosphere - Thermosphere |
| Tropopause (height facts) | 16 - 18 km in the tropics 8-10 km in the polar regions |
| Stratosphere extends | 50 km |
| Is the UV light lethal? | Yes |
| What protects UV light? | ozone |
| When was ozone layer developed? | 400 - 500 million years ago |
| Mesosphere height | 85 kilometers |
| Thermosphere | minute fraction of the atmosphere but extends only 500 km |
| Decrease of the temperature in the troposphere | 6.5 Degrees Celsium per kilometer |
| Minimum temperature of the mesosphere | -100 degrees Celsius |
| Maximum Thermosphere temperature | 1500 Degrees |
| Hyrdogen molecule critical property | negligent mass |
| Where and how does the weather originate? | Weather is originated from the thermal motions in the troposhere |
| Where the sulfate aerosols are coming from?... | Volcanic tops |
| Atmosphere .... | 78 percent nitrogen 21 percent 21 oxygen, less then percent of argon |
| The amount of water vapor in the air is referred as | humidity |
| What happens with presure at the higher altitude? | It decreases |
| Easterlies (trade winds) | winds that blows from east to west |
| At what latitude the trade winds blow?... | 30 to 60 degrees |
| Low pressure.... | subpolar lows |
| Earth Rotation is known as the... | Coriolis effect |
| What happens to air during the Coriolis Effect? | air is deflected |
| What happens to the air during the convective circulations? | Rising of the warm low density air and sinking the high density air |
| What is the name of the process that explains the convective circulations? | Hadley Cells |
| What is the name of the process where Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere meet near the equator.. | Intertropical Convergence Zone |