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Evolution

Chapter 13 (Evolution) Study Guide

TermImportance
adaptation A change which make an organism better suited to a particular environment.
divergence The accumulation of differences between groups.
speciation The process by which isolated populations of the same species become new species.
divergence The accumulation of differences between groups.
species A group of organisms that look alike and are capable of producing fertile offspring.
evolution A change in the genetic makeup of a population or species over time.
reproductive isolation The inability of formerly interbreeding groups to mate or produce fertile offspring.
natural selection The process by which organisms with traits well suited to the environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate than other organisms.
Thomas Malthus Population growth is limited by available resources.
fossil record Provides evidence that older species gave rise to more-recent species.
variation Natural selection will not take place unless there is variation within a population.
Charles Lyell The Earth's surface has changed slowly over a very long period of time.
Charles Darwin Developed the idea of natural selection by applying Malthus's ideas on human populations to the observations he made during the voyage of the Beagle.
ecological race Members differ genetically from other members of their species because of adaptations for different living conditions.
The mechanism that drives evolution Natural selection is the mechanism that drives evolution.
mutation, meiosis, sexual reproduction The biological basis for variation.
homologous structures Structures that share a common ancestry or are similar because they are modified versions of structures from a common ancestor are homologous.
vestigal structure Structures with no function that are remnants of an organism’s evolutionary past are vestigal.
extinct A species that has permanently disappeared.
DNA, amino acids, proteins The biological molecules considered to be some of the strongest evidence for evolution.
population All the individuals of a species that live together in one place at one time.
convergent evolution The process by which unrelated species become similar as they adapt to similar environments.
analogous traits Similar features of organisms that evolved independently.
Created by: slitvak
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