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UTA NURS 3481 Exam 2
UTA NURS 3481 Psych Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) | Works as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, reducing agression, excitation, and anxiety. [GABA is the mom that calms down the child Serotonin] |
| Antianxiety/anxiolytic medications | Benzodiazepines and Non-Benzodiazepines (azapirones [buspirone]) |
| Benzodiazepine Mechanism of Action | potentiate and intensify the actions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
| Librium classification | long-acting benzodiazepine antianxiety agent |
| clorazepate (Tranxene) classification | long-acting benzodiazepine antianxiety agent |
| Valium classification | long-acting benzodiazepine antianxiety agent |
| prazepam (Centrex) classification | long-acting benzodiazepine antianxiety agent |
| Xanax classification | short-acting benzodiazepine antianxiety agent |
| Ativan classification | short-acting benzodiazepine antianxiety agent |
| oxazepam [Serax] classification | short-acting benzodiazepine antianxiety agent |
| Clonazepam (Klonopin) classification | long-acting benzodiazepine antianxiety agent |
| Concern for short-acting benzodiazepines | have the potential for serious withdrawal reactions (e.g., anxiety, insomnia, headache, muscle irritability, blurred vision, dizziness, delirium, paranoia, psychosis) |
| Benzodiazepine Adverse Effects | Psychomotor impairment, drowsiness, cognitive impairment, sedative effects, profound hypotention/cardiac arrest (taken IV), potential for abuse |
| Benzodiazepine reversal agent | Flumazenil (Mazicon) |
| Buspirone (BuSpar) classification | Azapirone used as a non-benzodiazepine antianxiety agents |
| Disadvantage of Buspirone (BuSpar) | anxiolytic effects can take several weeks to become effective. Therefore, it cannot be used as an as needed (PRN) medication. (Varcarolis 2011, p. 573) |
| Buspirone (BuSpar) Adverse Effects | dizziness, drowsiness, headache, lightheadedness, excitability, nausea, dry mouth, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting |
| Buspirone (BuSpar) Cautions | pregnant/breastfeeding, elderly/debilitated, hepatic/renal dysfunction |
| Propranolol (Inderal) classification | β-Blocker used as a non-benzodiazepine antianxiety agent |
| Hydroxyzine pamoate (Vistaril) classification | Antihistamine used as a non-benzodiazepine antianxiety agent |
| Piper methysticum (kava kava) classification | herbal sedative with antianxiety effects |
| Kava Kava concerns | Inhibits liver enzyme (P450); use can result in liver failure, especially when taken along with alcohol or other medications such as central nervous system depressants |
| Antidepressant Drugs of Choice for High suicide risk | Avoid Tricyclics and MAOIs |
| Antidepressant Drugs of Choice for Concurrent depression and panic attacks or OCD | Venlafaxine, SSRIs |
| Antidepressant Drugs of Choice for Chronic pain with or without depression | Amitriptyline, doxepin, venlafaxine, duloxetine |
| Antidepressant Drugs of Choice for Weight gain on other antidepressants | Bupropion, SSRIs, avoid mirtazapine |
| Antidepressant Drugs of Choice for Sensitivity to anticholinergic side effects | Avoid tricyclics and paroxetine |
| Antidepressant Drugs of Choice for Orthostatic hypotension | Nortriptyline, bupropion, sertraline |
| Antidepressant Drugs of Choice for Sexual dysfunction | Bupropion, nefazodone |
| First-line Antidepressant agents | SSRIs, Novel (atypical) new antidepressants, TCAs |
| Second-line Antidepressant agents | MAOIs |
| SSRI Mechanism of Action | SSRIs specifically block the reuptake of 5-HT |
| SSRI Adverse Effects | agitation, anxiety, sleep disturbance, tremor, sexual dysfunction (anorgasmia), headache, dry mouth, sweating, weight change, mild nausea, loose bowel movements |
| SSRI Withdrawal Syndrome symptoms | dizziness, headache, nausea, sensory disturbances, tremors, anxiety, and dysphoria |
| SSRI Drug Interactions | MAOIs, Alcohol, Oral anticoagulants, St. John's wort, TCAs, Lithium |
| Citalopram (Celexa) classification | SSRI |
| Escitalopram (Lexapro) classification | SSRI |
| Fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem, Selfemra) classification | SSRI |
| Fluvoxamine (Luvox) classification | SSRI |
| Paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva, Sandoz) classification | SSRI |
| Setraline (Zoloft) classification | SSRI |
| St. John’s Wort classification | SSRI |
| Trazadone (Oleptro) classification | SSRI |
| SNRI Mechanism of Action | Blocks the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine |
| SNRI Side Effects | Hypertension (venlafaxine), nausea, insomnia, dry mouth, sweating, agitation, headache, sexual dysfunction |
| Venlafaxine (Effexor) classification | SNRI (atypical antidepressant) |
| Pristiq classification | SNRI (atypical antidepressant) |
| Duloxetine (Cymbalta) classification | SNRI (atypical antidepressant) |
| NDRI Mechanism of Action | Blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine |
| NDRI Side Effects | Agitation, insomnia, headache, nausea and vomiting, seizures (0.4%) |
| Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban) classification | NDRI (atypical antidepressant) |
| SNDI Mechanism of Action | Blocks α1- adrenergic receptors that normally inhibit norepinephrine and serotonin |
| SNDI Side Effects | Weight gain, sedation, dizziness, headache; sexual dysfunction is rare |
| Mirtazapine (Remeron) classification | SNDI (atypical antidepressant) |
| Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) Adverse Effects | sedating, cause orthostatic hypertension, and have anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry mouth, blurred vision, photophobia, constipation, urinary hesitancy, and tachycardia). The most hazardous effect is cardiac toxicity. |
| TCA Mechanism of Action | block NE and serotonin reuptake |
| TCA Major Concern | Cardiac toxicity – can be lethal with 1 weeks supply |
| Elavil (amitriptyline) classification | Tricyclic Antidepressant |
| Anafranil (clomipramine) classification | Tricyclic Antidepressant |
| Norpramin (desipramine) classification | Tricyclic Antidepressant |
| Tofranil (imipramine) classification | Tricyclic Antidepressant |
| Pamelor (nortriptyline) classification | Tricyclic Antidepressant |
| Sinequan (doxepin) classification | Tricyclic Antidepressant |
| Vivactil (protriptyline) classification | Tricyclic Antidepressant |
| MAOI Mechanism of Action | inhibit the action of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme system at the CNS storage sites. There are two types of MAO in the body: MAO-A and MAO-B. In the brain, MAO-A inactivates NE and serotonin, whereas MAO-B inactivates dopamine. |
| MAOI Adverse Effects | Hypertensive Crisis from Dietary Tyramine, Hypotension, sedation/weakness/fatigue, Insomnia, Changes in cardiac rhythm, Muscle cramps, Anorgasmia or sexual impotence, Urinary hesitancy or constipation, Weight gain |
| Effect of MAOIs and Tyramine | Hypertensive Crisis |
| Foods that contain tyramine | Overripe avocados; sauerkraut; Fava beans; Overripe Figs; bananas; Fermented bean curd, soybean, or meats; smoked/aged meats; cheese; red wine, beer, ale, liquers; protein dietary supplements; soups (might contain protein extract); shrimp paste; soy sauce |
| phenelzine (Nardil) classification | MAOI |
| Marplan classification | MAOI |
| tranylcypromine (Parnate) classification | MAOI |
| selegiline (EMSAM) classification | MAOI |
| lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid) classification | mood stabilizer |
| Valproate (Depakote, Depakene) classification | anticonvulsant used as a mood stabilizer |
| Lamictal (lamotrigine) classification | anticonvulsant used as a mood stabilizer |
| Carbamazepine (Tegretol) classification | anticonvulsant used as a mood stabilizer |
| oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) classification | anticonvulsant used as a mood stabilizer |
| Lamictal (lamotrigine) concern | Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome sign | Rash |
| Anticonvulsant (mood stabilizer) concern | Monitor LFTs |
| Lithium concerns | Low therapeutic index (requires blood level monitoring); maintain salt intake |
| Lithium Adverse/Toxic Effects | Tremor, ataxia, confusion, convulsions, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, Arrhythmias, Polyuria, polydipsia, edema, Goiter and hypothyroidism |
| Neurotransmitters associated with anxiety | epinephrine, norepinephrine (increased), dopamine, serotonin (increased), and GABA (decreased). |
| Neurotransmitters associated with depression | serotonin (decreased) and norepinephrine (decreased) |
| Neurotransmitters associated with bipolar | norepinephrine (increased), dopamine (increased), and serotonin (increased) |
| Overt suicidal statements | “I can't take it anymore.”;“Life isn't worth living anymore.” |
| Covert suicidal statements | “It's okay now. Soon everything will be fine.”; "I won't be a problem munch longer." |
| Suicide risk factors for youth | alcohol or other drug use disorders, aggressive or disruptive behaviors and depression or social isolation |
| Suicide risk factors for adults | depression, alcohol abuse, cocaine use, and separation or divorce |
| Suicide risk factors for elderly | recent visit to PCP, social isolation, solitary living arrangements, widowhood, lack of financial resources, and poor health. |
| High-risk suicide methods (hard methods) | Using a gun, Jumping off a high place, Hanging, Poisoning with carbon monoxide, Staging a car crash |
| Low-risk suicide methods (soft methods) | Slashing one's wrists, Inhaling natural gas, Ingesting pills |
| SAD PERSONS scale | a simple and practical guide for triaging potentially suicidal patients, particularly in an emergency department environment. |
| Cognitive restructuring | a process in which the therapist helps the patient (1) identify automatic negative beliefs that cause anxiety, (2) explore the basis for these thoughts, (3) reevaluate the situation realistically, and (4) replace negative self-talk with supportive ideas. |
| progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) | A method of decreasing anxiety in which the individual tenses groups of muscles as tightly as possible for 8 seconds and then suddenly releases them. |
| Benson's relaxation techniques | Techniques that allow a patient to switch from the sympathetic mode of the autonomic nervous system to a state of relaxation by focusing on a pleasant mental image in a calm and peaceful environment. |
| meditation | A discipline for training the mind to develop greater calm and then using that calm to bring penetrative insight into one's experience. |
| guided imagery | A process whereby a person is led to envision images that are both calming and health enhancing. |
| biofeedback | A technique for gaining conscious control over unconscious body functions, such as blood pressure and heartbeat, to achieve relaxation or the relief of stress-related physical symptoms; involves the use of self-monitoring equipment. |
| cognitive reframing | A process of changing the individual's perceptions of stress by reassessing a situation and replacing irrational beliefs. |
| mindfulness | A centuries-old form of meditation that emphasizes awareness of ourselves and our mental activity from moment to moment. |
| journaling | Keeping a diary which may be informal or part of a treatment plan of daily events, activities, and feelings. |
| fight-or-flight response | The body's physiological response to fear or rage that triggers the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system as well as the endocrine system. |
| Anxiety sympathetic signs and symptoms | tachycardia, rapid breathing, palpitations, muscle tension, diaphoresis, increased blood pressure |
| Anxiety Parasympathetic signs and symptoms | fatigue, nausea, urinary frequency, urgency |
| Compensation | used to make up for perceived deficiencies and cover up shortcomings related to these deficiencies to protect the conscious mind from recognizing them. |
| Conversion | the unconscious transformation of anxiety into a physical symptom with no organic cause. Often the symptom functions to gain attention or as an excuse. |
| Denial | escaping unpleasant, anxiety-causing thoughts, feelings, wishes, or needs by ignoring their existence. |
| Displacement | the transference of emotions associated with a particular person, object, or situation to another nonthreatening person, object, or situation. |
| Dissociation | a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment. It may result in a separation between feeling and thought. |
| Identification | attributing to oneself the characteristics of another person or group. This may be done consciously or unconsciously. |
| Intellectualization | a process in which events are analyzed based on remote, cold facts and without passion, rather than incorporating feeling and emotion into the processing. |
| Introjection | the process by which the outside world is incorporated or absorbed into a person's view of the self. |
| Projection | the unconscious rejection of emotionally unacceptable features and attributing them to other people, objects, or situations. You can remember this defense through the childhood retort of “What you say is what you are.” |
| Rationalization | justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller as well as the listener. |
| Reaction formation | when unacceptable feelings or behaviors are controlled and kept out of awareness by developing the opposite behavior or emotion. |
| Regression | reverting to an earlier, more primitive and childlike pattern of behavior that may or may not have been previously exhibited. |
| Repression | a first-line psychological defense against anxiety. It is the temporary or long-term exclusion of unpleasant or unwanted experiences, emotions, or ideas from conscious awareness. This happens at an unconscious level. |
| Splitting | the inability to integrate the positive and negative qualities of oneself or others into a cohesive image. Aspects of the self and of others tend to alternate between opposite poles. |
| Sublimation | an unconscious process of substituting mature, constructive, and socially acceptable activity for immature, destructive, and unacceptable impulses. Often these impulses are sexual or aggressive. |
| Suppression | the conscious denial of a disturbing situation or feeling. For example, Jessica has been studying for the state board examination for a week solid. She says, “I won't worry about paying my rent until after my exam tomorrow.” |
| Undoing | most commonly seen in children. It is when a person makes up for an act or communication. |
| generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) | Anxiety disorder characterized by excessive anxiety or worry about numerous things, lasting for 6 months or longer. |
| panic disorder (PD) | An anxiety disorder in which panic attacks are the key feature. |
| posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | An anxiety disorder characterized by persistent reexperiencing of a highly traumatic event that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury to self or others, to which the individual responded with intense fear, helplessness, or horror. |
| seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | A recently studied syndrome that appears to affect mostly women and is characterized by hypersomnia, fatigue, weight gain, irritability, and interpersonal difficulties during the winter months. |
| panic attack | the sudden onset of extreme apprehension or fear, usually associated with feelings of impending doom. |
| Agoraphobia | intense, excessive anxiety or fear about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing or in which help might not be available if a panic attack occurred |
| phobia | a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that leads to a desire for avoidance, or actual avoidance, of the object, activity, or situation |
| social phobia | A phobia of an interpersonal nature, such as fear of public speaking, fear of eating in front of others, or fear of writing or performing in public. |
| Obsessions | thoughts, impulses, or images that persist and recur, so that they cannot be dismissed from the mind. |
| Compulsions | ritualistic behaviors an individual feels driven to perform in an attempt to reduce anxiety. |
| acute stress disorder | Severe fear, helplessness, or horror that occurs within 1 month of exposure to extreme stress. |
| Substance-induced anxiety disorder | symptoms of anxiety, panic attacks, obsessions, and compulsions that develop with the use of a substance or within a month of stopping use of the substance |
| mild anxiety | Occurs in the normal experience of everyday living. |
| moderate anxiety | selective inattention, some diminished thinking with ability to still learn/problem solve. Symptoms: tension, pounding heart, increased pulse and respiration rate, perspiration, gastric discomfort, headache, urinary urgency, voice tremors, and shaking. |
| severe anxiety | difficulty noticing what is going on in the environment, Learning/problem solving not possible. Symptoms: headache, nausea, dizziness, insomnia; trembling and pounding heart, hyperventilation and a sense of impending doom or dread. |
| panic | Sudden, overwhelming anxiety of such intensity that it produces disorganization of the personality, loss of rational thought, and inability to communicate, along with specific physiological changes. |
| Panic disorder treatment | Meds: High-potency benzodiazepines, Antidepressants (TCAs and SSRIs), MAOIs; Cognitive-behavioral therapy (Relaxation and Breathing techniques, Cognitive restructuring, Systematic desensitization, In vivo exposure r/t eliminating avoidance behaviors) |
| Generalized anxiety disorder treatment | Meds: Benzodiazepines, Busipirone (BuSpar), SSRIs and TCA antidepressants, Gabapentin; Cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, stress management, relaxation training, aerobic level exercises |
| PTSD treatment | Meds: MAOIs(panic), TCAs (imipramine and amitriptyline) and SSRIs, Low-dose antipsychotics, Anticonvulsants; Physchotherapy, Family therapy, vocational rehabilitation, group therapy, relaxation techniques |
| OCD treatment | Meds: SSRIs (fluvoxamine [Luvox] and fluoxetine [Prozac]), TCA (Clomipramine [Anafranil]); Cognitive-behavioral therapy |
| acute anxiety | Anxiety that is precipitated by an imminent loss or a change that threatens an individual's sense of security. |
| chronic anxiety | Anxiety a person has lived with for a long time. Chronic anxiety may take the form of chronic fatigue, insomnia, discomfort in daily activities, or discomfort in personal relationships. |
| Agranulocytosis symptoms | sore throat, fever, malaise, and mouth sores |
| Agranulocytosis interventions | discontinue drug, initiate reverse isolation |
| Agranulocytosis medication implicated | Clozapine (Clozaril) |
| Hypertensive crisis symptoms | Severe headache, Tachycardia, palpitations, Hypertension, Nausea and vomiting |
| Hypertensive crisis interventions | Antihypertensive meds: 5mg IV phentolamine [Regitine] or sublingual nifedipine |
| Hypertensive crisis medication implicated | MAOIs combined with Tyramine |
| Serotonin Syndrome symptoms | Hyperactivity/restlessness; Tachycardia→cardiovascular shock; Fever→hyperpyrexia; ↑ BP; Delirium; Irrationality/mood swings/hostility; Seizures→status epilepticus; Myoclonus/incoordination/tonic rigidity; Abdominal pain/diarrhea/bloating; Apnea→death |
| Serotonin Syndrome interventions | discontinue drug; Serotonin-receptor blockade with cyproheptadine, methysergide, propranolol; Cooling blankets, chlorpromazine for hyperthermia; Dantrolene, diazepam for muscle rigidity or rigors; Anticonvulsants; Artificial ventilation; Paralysis |
| Serotonin Syndrome medication implicated | SSRIs |
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) symptoms | muscle rigidity, fever, and elevated white blood cell count. |
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) interventions | early detection, discontinuation of the antipsychotic, management of fluid balance, temperature reduction, and monitoring for complication; Meds: bromocriptine (Parlodel) for mild cases, IV dantrolene (Dantrium) for severe cases; ECT for severe cases |
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) medication implicated | Conventional antipsychotics (Haloperidol [Haldol]) |
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome symptoms | rash |
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome interventions | slow titration to therapeutic doses |
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome medication implicated | Lamotrigine (Lamictal) |
| Alcohol withdrawal symptoms | occurs 24-48 hrs and ends promptly; hyperalert, manifest jerky movements and irritability, startle easily, and experience subjective distress often described as “shaking inside.” |
| Alcohol withdrawal delirium symptoms | occurs 40-48 hrs & lasts 2-3 days; Autonomic hyperactivity (tachycardia, diaphoresis, elevated BP); disorientation, clouding of consciousness; Perceptual disturbances (hallucinations); Fluctuating LOC; Delusions (paranoid), agitated behaviors, & fever |
| Benzodiazepines used for alcohol withdrawal delirium | Chlordiazepoxide; Diazepam (usually not recommended due to its short half-life and frequent dosing schedule); Lorazepam |
| Beta-adrenergic blockers used for alcohol withdrawal delirium | Atenolol; Propranolol |
| Alpha-adrenergic blockers used for alcohol withdrawal delirium | Clonidine |
| Antiepileptics used for alcohol withdrawal delirium | Carbamazepine |
| predictable defensive style elements | defense mechanisms (e.g., denial, projection, rationalization), as well as characteristic thought processes (e.g., all-or-none thinking, selective attention) and behaviors (e.g., conflict minimization and avoidance, passivity, and manipulation) |
| LSD intoxication symptoms | Pupil dilation; Tachycardia; Diaphoresis; Palpitations; Tremors; Incoordination; Elevated temp, pulse, resp; Fear of going crazy; Paranoia; anxiety, depression; Synesthesia; Depersonalization; Hallucinations; Grandiosity |
| Date Rape Drugs | GHB (gamma- hydroxybutyrate); Rohypnol (flunitrazepam); Ketamine |
| Stimulant OD symptoms | Respiratory distress, ataxia, hyperpyrexia, convulsions, Coma/Stroke, MI |
| Cocain, crack intoxication symptoms | tachycardia, dilate pupils, elevated BP, n/v, insomnia, assualtiveness, gradiosity, impaired judgment, impaired and occupational functioning, Euphoria |
| Amphetamine intoxication symptoms | Increased energy, state resembling paranoid schizophrenia, paranoia with delusions, psychosis, hallucinations, severe-panic anxiety, potential for violence |
| crisis intervention | A brief, active, and collaborative therapy that draws on an individual's personal coping abilities and resources within the family, health care setting, or community. |
| critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) | A seven-phase group meeting that offers individuals who have experienced a crisis the opportunity to share their thoughts and feelings in a safe and controlled environment. |
| maturational crisis | A normal state in growth and development in which a specific maturational task must be learned, but old coping mechanisms are no longer adequate or acceptable. |
| situational crisis | A crisis arising from an external as opposed to an internal source. Most people experience situational crises to some extent during the course of their lives (e.g., the death of a loved one, marriage, divorce, or a change in health status). |
| adventitious crisis | A crisis that is not part of everyday life but involves an event that is unplanned and accidental. Adventitious crises include natural disasters and crimes of violence such as rapes or muggings. |
| indicators of the patient progressing along the anger continuum | Hyperactivity, Increasing anxiety & tension, Verbal abuse, Loud voice/change of pitch/very soft voice, Intense eye contact |
| milieu's conducive to violence | overcrowding, staff inexperience, staff provocative/controlling, poor limit setting, arbitrarily taking away privileges |
| Anger and Violence Interventions | minimize personal risks; set limits at the outset |
| Disulfiram (Antabuse) classification | Substance Abuse Related (alcohol deterrant) |
| primary sources of hidden alcohol | food, medicines, and preparations that are applied to the skin. |
| Naltrexone (Trexan, Revia) classification | opiate antagonist used to treat alcoholism and opioid use |
| Acamprosate (Campral) classification | amino acid derivative used to treat alcoholism |
| Topiramate (Topamax) classification | Anticonvulsant used to decrease alcohol cravings |
| Methadone (Dolophine) classification | opioid agonist used to block heroin cravings |
| Buprenorphine (Subutex) classification | partial opiod agonist |
| Clonidine (Catapres) classification | Anti-HTN used as Substance Abuse Related (nonopioid suppressor of opioid withdrawal symptoms) |
| INEFFECTIVE COPING | Inability to form a valid appraisal of the stressors, inadequate choices of practiced responses, and/or inability to use available resources |
| INEFFECTIVE DENIAL | Conscious or unconscious attempt to disavow the knowledge or meaning of an event to reduce anxiety/fear, but leading to the detriment of health |
| CHRONIC LOW SELF-ESTEEM | Longstanding negative self-evaluation/feelings about self or self-capabilities |
| Cocain/crack classification | CNS Stimulant |
| Amphetamine classification | CNS Stimulant |
| Caffeine classification | CNS Stimulant |
| Nicotine classification | CNS Stimulant |
| Management of CNS Stimulant Overdose | Ambient cooling (for hyperpyrexia), Diazepam (or convulsions) |
| Med given to treat CNS Stimulant Overdose | Antipsychotics |
| 1st Phase of Cocain/crack withdrawal | crash phase, can last up to 4 days. Users report depression, anergia, and an acute onset of agitated depression. Craving for the drug peaks during this phase, along with anxiety and paranoia. |
| 2nd Phase of Cocain/crack withdrawal | prolonged sense of dysphoria, anhedonia, and a lack of motivation, along with intense cravings that can last up to 10 weeks. |
| 3rd Phase of Cocain/crack withdrawal | intermittent craving and can last indefinitely |
| Opium classification | Opiate |
| Morphine classification | Opiate |
| Heroin classification | Opiate |
| Codeine classification | Opiate |
| Fentanyl (methadone, meperidine) classification | Opiate |
| Med given to treat Opiate Overdose | naloxone (Narcan) |
| Marijuana classification | depressant and hallucinogenic |
| Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) classification | Hallucinogen |
| Mescaline (peyote) classification | Hallucinogen |
| Psilocybin (mushrooms) classification | Hallucinogen |
| Phencyclidine Piperidine (PCP, angel dust, hourse tranquilizer, peace pill) classification | Hallucinogen |
| Inhalants | volatile solvents such as spray paint, glue, cigarette lighter fluid, and propellant gases used in aerosols |
| Anesthetic (Gas, Liquid, Local) Overdose treament | B12 |
| Volatile nitrite (room deodorizers) Overdose treatment | methylene blue and oxygen |
| Ecstasy classification (MDMA, Adam, yaba, and XTC) | Club Drug |
| somatization | The expression of psychological stress through physical symptoms. |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) | The major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system; targeted by drugs that reduce anxiety. |
| TCA affect on elderly | orthostatic hypotension and urinary retention |
| Teaching for antidepressants | meds can increase suicidal ideation; can take a while to kick in; discontinuation syndrome |
| Clearance time needed between taking SSRIs and MAOIs | Minimum of 2 weeks |
| bipolar I disorder | A form of bipolar disorder in which at least one episode of mania alternates with major depression. |
| bipolar II disorder | A form of bipolar disorder in which hypomanic episodes alternate with major depression. |
| cyclothymia | Chronic mood disturbance (of a least 2 yrs duration) involving both hypomanic and dysthymic mood swings. No delusions and does not warrant hospitalization or grossly impair a person's social, occupational, or interpersonal functioning. |
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