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Behavior-Chapter 2
Introduction to Learning and Behavior-Chapter 2 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Appetitive stimulus | An event that an organism will seek out |
| Aversive stimulus | An event that an organism will avoid |
| Baseline | The normal frequency of a behavior prior to some intervention |
| Case Study Approach | A descriptive research approach that involves intensive examination of one or a few individuals |
| Changing-criterion design | A type of single-subject design in which the effect of the treatment is demonstrated by the extent to which the behavior matches a criterion that is systematically altered |
| Contingency | A predictive relationship between two events such that the occurrence of one event predicts the probable occurrence of the other. |
| Control group design | A type of experiment in which, as its simplest, subjects are randomly assigned to either an experimental (or treatment) group and a control group; subjects assigned to the experimental group are exposed to a certain manipulation or treatment while those a |
| Covert behavior | Behavior that can be subjectively perceived only by the person performing the behavior. Thoughts and feelings are covert behaviors |
| Cumulative recorder | A device that measures total number of responses over time and provides a graphic depiction of the rate of behavior |
| Dependent variable | That aspect of an experiment that is allowed to freely vary to determine if it is affected by changes in the independent variable |
| Deprivation | The prolonged absence of an event that tends to increase the appetitiveness of that event |
| Descriptive research | Research that focuses on describing the behavior and the situation within which it occurs |
| Duration | The length of time that an individual repeatedly or continuously performs a certain behavior |
| Establishing Operation | A procedure that affects the appetitiveness or aversiveness of a stimulus |
| Functional relationship | The relationship between changes in an independent variable and changes in a dependent variable; a cause-and-effect relationship |
| Independent variable | That aspect of an experiment that is made to systematically vary across the different conditions in an experiment |
| Intensity | The force or magnitude of a behavior |
| Interval recording | The measurement of whether or not a behavior occurs within a series of continuous intervals. (The number of times that it occurs within each interval is irrelevant). |
| Latency | The length of time required for a behavior to begin |
| Multiple-baseline design | A type of single-subject design in which a treatment is instituted at successive points in time for two or more persons, settings, or behaviors |
| Naturalistic observation | A descriptive research approach that involves the systematic observation and recording of behavior in its natural environment |
| Overt behavior | Behavior that has the potential for being directly observed by an individual other than the one performing the behavior |
| Rate of response | The frequency with which a response occurs in a certain period of time |
| Response | A particular instance of a behavior |
| Reversal design | A type of single-subject design that involves repeated alternations between a baseline period and a treatment period |
| Satiation | The prolonged exposure to (or consumption of) an event that tends to decrease the appetitiveness of that event |
| Simple-comparison design | A type of single-subject design in which behavior in a baseline condition is compared to behavior in a treatment condition |
| Single-subject design | A research design that requires only one or a few subjects in order to conduct an entire experiment |
| Spatial contiguity | The extent to which events are situated close to each other in space |
| Speed | The amount of time required to perform a complete episode of a behavior from start to finish |
| Stimulus | Any event that can potentially influence behavior |
| Temporal contiguity | The extent to which events occur close together in time |
| Time sample recording | The measurement of whether or not a behavior occurs within a series of discontinuous intervals. (The number of times that it occurs within each interval is irrelevant) |
| Topography | The physical form of a behavior |
| Variable | A characteristic of a person, place, or thing that can change (vary) over time or from one situation to another |
Created by:
dkbjornn
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