Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Anatonmy/Physiology
Exam #2--Chapters 7, 8, 9 and 13
| Key Points and Key Terms | Definitons and Related Info. |
|---|---|
| Melanin | Skin darkening pigment, secreted from cells called melanocytes, stains surrounding cells causing them to darken. |
| Amount of _______secreted determines skin color. | Melanin |
| Albinism, Vitilago, and Moles/Frreckles are what type of Melanocyte? | Malfunctioning |
| Albinism | a person fails to secrete Melanin. Their hair, skin, and colored part of the eye is white. |
| Vitilago | Loss of pigment (melanin) in certain areas of the skin. Creating patches of white skin. |
| Moles and Freckles | Happens when Melanin stains unevenly becoming concentrated in local areas. |
| Carotene | Yellow pigment of the skin, in addition to Melanin. Hidden by the effects of Melanin. |
| What in Dermis affects skin color? | Blood |
| The affect of skin color lies in what layer of the skin tissue? | Dermis |
| Number of skin conditions is caused by? | Blood in the dermis; affecting skin color |
| Cyanosis | Poorly oxygenated blood causes the skin to look blue. |
| Example of Cyanosis | Person who is embarassaed |
| When a person is embarrassed what happens? | Blood vessels in the skin dialate, causing a person to look flushed our blush. |
| What happens when a person skin looks Pallar? | Constriction of blood vessels in the skin, and decrease in the amount of oxygenated blood. |
| Pallor | causes skin to look pale or ashen color |
| Example of Pallor | A person who is scared |
| Billirubin | A person who has liver disease can't secrete this pigment. |
| Jaundice | Billirubin is deposited into the skin and turns it yellow |
| A person with Poorly functioning Adrenal glands, may deposit excess Melanin in the skin creates what type of look? | Bronze Look |
| Bruise | Blood has escaped from the blood vessel and clotted under skin |
| Ecchymosis | Black and blue area in a person |
| Vernix Caseosa | Cheeselike substace covering the skin of a fetus. secreted by sebaceous glands, babies are born with this. |
| Psychological reason for skin color changes and Pathological reasons? | Melanin turns it darker-Carotene turns it yellow.......Jaundice, Cyanosis, Ecchymosis |
| 4 Types of Heat Loss | Radiation, Conduction, Convection, and Evaporation |
| Radiation | Loss of heat from warm object (The body) to cooler air surrounding warmer object |
| Example of Radiation | Person in cold room |
| Conduction | Loss of heat from a warm body to a cooler object in contact with warm bosy |
| Example of Conduction | Person sitting on block of ice |
| Convection | Loss of heat by air currents moving over surface of the skin. |
| Evaporation | When liquid becomes gas |
| Example of Evaporation | Alcohol is rubbed into the skin-it evaporates-and cools the skin. |
| Epidermis | Thin outer layer of the skin, composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue. |
| Is Epithelium Vascular or Avascular? | Avascular---no blood supply of its own |
| What 2 layers are located in the epidermis? | Stratum Germinativuum and Stratum Corneum |
| Stratum Germinativum | Lies on top of dermis, access to rich blood supply, cells of this layer continuously divide producing millions of cells each day. |
| Stratum Corneum | Surface layer of the epidermis, composed of 30 layers of dead flattened keratinized cells that Slough off through wear and tear |
| Dermis | Located under Epidermis. Largest portion of the skin. Composed of dense, fibrous connective tissues |
| Collagen and Elastin fibers are surrounded by gel like substances here.... | Dermis |
| These make the Dermis Stretchable... | Fibers |
| Callus | Increase in epidermis cell division |
| Corn | Overgrowth of epidermal cells in conical shape, causes constant rubbing of the toe. |
| ___% of heat loss occur from the skin? | 80% |
| ___% of heat loss through respiratory system--lungs and excretory products (urine & feces)? | 20% |
| Sebaceous Glands are also known as what glands? | Oil Glands |
| Sebaceous Glands | Associated with hair follicles. Found where there is hair on the body. Secrete oily substance called sebum, plays unique role in fetus. |
| Pimple | When sebaceous glands become blocked or infected. |
| Blackhead | When Sebaceous glands are exposed to air and dries out |
| Sudoriferous Glands is also known as what gland? | Sweat gland |
| Sudoriferous glands | Located in dermis, have 3 million of these, it has 2 types |
| Types of Sudoriferous glands are? | Appocrine gland and Eccrine gland. |
| Appocrine Gland | associated with hair follicles, found in axillary and gential area. Respond to emotional stress |
| These glands are active when a person is emotionally stressed, frieghtened, in pain, or sexually excited | Appocrine Glands |
| Sweat by these glands have no odor | Appocine glands |
| Eccrine glands | more numerous and widely distributed of sweat glands. Located throughout the body. Not associated with hair follicles. |
| These glands play an important role in Temperature regulation.... | Eccrine glands |
| These glands normally found on the upper lip, forehead, back, neck, palms and soles | Eccrine Glands |
| These glands make you sweat on hot days, are responsible for sensible prespiration | Eccrine glands |
| These glands can produce 1 gallon of sweat per hour (composed of water and sea salts) | Eccrine glands |
| Modified sweat glands | Mammory glands and Ceruminous glands |
| Mammory glands | Located in the breast and secrete milk |
| Ceruminous glands | Found in external auditory canal of the ear, secrete cerumen. |
| Neonates | Produces 2/3 of heat that is produced by an adult and looses twice as much. |
| Looses heat from large surface area (head) | Neonates |
| Neonates | cant shiver. Shiver by process of Non shivering thermogenesis |
| Neonate | have brown adipose tissue, especially w/ neck and shoulder area |
| BAT | Brown adipose Tissue |
| What of the BAT produces heat? | Metabolism |
| Neonate | Limited capacity to dissipate heat leaving them at risk for hyperthermia. |
| Axial skeleton consist of? | Bones of the skull |
| Skull | On top of vertebral column, formed by 2 groups |
| The Skull is formed by which 2 groups? | Cranium and Facial Bones |
| Cranium | Bony structure, encases and protects brain |
| Cranium contain which 3 bones? | frontal, temporal, and parietal bone |
| Frontal Bone | Forms forehead, upper part of the bony structure surrounding the eye. |
| Parietal Bone | 2 of these form the upper sides of the head and roof of cranial cavity |
| Cranial Cavity | Top of the head |
| Temporal Bone | 2 of these are on side of the head close to the ears (temples) |
| External auditory meatus | opening for the ear |
| What is the Zygomatic process? | forms part of the cheek bone |
| What is the Styloid process? | sharp projection used as point of attachment for several muscles associated with the tongue and larynx |
| What is the Mastoid process? | Forms a point of attachment for some muscles of the neck, each side has bony projections that sit on 1st vertebra column |
| Occipital Bone | located at the back and base of cranium, has large hole called foramen magnum. |
| What does the Foramen Magnum do? | It allows brain stem to extend downward |
| What are Condyles | Bony Projections |
| Parts of a long bone | Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Epiphyseal disc, Medullary Cavity, Endosteum, Periosteum, and Articular cartilage |
| Joint is also called ______? | Articulation |
| Diaphysis | Long shaft of bone, has mostly compact bone, and provides strength |
| Epiphysis | Enlarged ends of the bone. Has a thin layer of compact bone that overly spongy bone and is covered by cartilage. |
| Epiphyseal Disc | Growing long bone that contain bands of Hyaline cartilage. Near Proximal and Distal end of long bone. Longitudal bone growth occurs here. |
| Medullary Cavity | Hollow center of diaphysis. |
| Medullary cavaity in Infants.... | cavity is filled w/ red bone marrow for cell production |
| Medullary caviaty for Adults | cavaity filled with yellow bone marrow and functions as storage site for fat |
| Endosteum | inside the medullary cavity. Type of connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity. |
| Periosteum | Tough fibrous connective tissue membrane that cover outside of diaphysis. |
| Periosteum | anchors to all bone surfaces, except cartilage |
| Periosteum | Protexcts bone and has vessels that has nourishment for the underlying bone |
| Articular cartilage | outer surfae of epiphysis. Has smooth and shiny surface, and decreases friction within a joint |
| Cervical Vertebrae count.... | C1 through C7 |
| Thoracic vertebrae count... | T1 through T12 |
| Lumbar vertebrae count... | L1 through L5 |
| Vertebral Foramen | opening for the spinal cord and forms the vertebral canal |
| Spinous process | Rubs hands down your back to feel this process. Why vertebral column is also known as the spine. |
| Vertebra | has barklike lamina |
| Spina bifida | failure of lamina to fuse during fetal development |
| Vertebral Column | Backbone extends from skull to pelvis, has 26 bones stacked in a column |
| Vertebral column performs (4) functions: | Forms support/structure for head and thorax, attachment site for the pelvic girdle, encases the spinal cord and provide flexibility for the body. |
| Named according to its location | Vertebral Column |
| How many cervical vertebrae is there in the neck region? | 5 |
| Large Vertebrae is called what? | Vertebrae Prominens, used as land marks for anatomy |
| What is the number/location that describe the Large Vertebrae | C7 |
| How many Thoracic Vertebrae is there in the chest region? | 12 |
| How many Lumbar Vertebrae are there in the lower back region? | 5 |
| Sacrum | Forms posterior wall of the pelvis and has 5 sacral vertebral that fuse here. |
| The body (spine) has what 4 normal curves? | Cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral |
| Cervical and Lumbar curves do what? | Bend toward the front of the body |
| Thoracic and Sacral curves do what? | Bend away from the front of the body |
| These curves center head over body, providing balance needed for walking... | Cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral |
| Scoliosis | Lateral curvature of the spine. If injured it can compress abdominal organs; diminishing rib cage capacity and breathing. |
| Lordosis | Exaggerated lumbar curve, sometimes called sway back |
| Kyphosis | Exaggerated thoracic curve that can impair breathing. Sometimes called Hunch back |
| Abnormalities of the spine are caused by what? | May be genetic defect, in response to disease or poor posture |
| Ossification | Bone formation |
| This method begins in late embryotic period, contain formation of fibrous connective tissue and hyaline cartilage (shaped like mini skeleton) | Ossification |
| Ossification occurs in what 2 ways? | Intramembranous and Endochondral |
| Intramembranous Ossification | In flat bones of skull and has thin layer of connective tissue. |
| This type of ossification occurs when Osteoblast migrate to flate bones... | Intramemebranous |
| Osteoblast | Bone forming cells |
| Osteoblast | Secrete calcium and other minerals into spaces between membranes forming bones |
| Endochondral Ossification | occurs in all other bones. Bone tissue replaces cartilage as it matures (replace w/ bone). process continues until all cartilage have been replaced by bone |
| Fetal Skeleton | Mostly cartilage |
| 2 major differences between infant skull and adult skull? | Fontanels and un-fused sutures. Infant skull is not fused like an adult |
| Infants skull is covered by what? | Fibrous membrane because its not all bone. |
| 2 major fontanels | large diamond shaped anterior fontanel & smaller posterior triangular occipital fontanel |
| 2 smaller fontanels | more lateral, anteriolateral, posteriolateral fontanels. |
| By what age does all the fontanels in the infants skull become bone? | 2 years old |
| Un fused sutures allows what? | the skull to compress during childbirth |
| Microcephalia | sutures of infant skull fuse too early. Preventing growth of the brain. |
| This type of condition is characterized by small cranium, restricted brain growth and impaired intellectual function? | Microcephalia |
| If the brain bulges outward ...this is a response to what? | increased pressure in the brain |
| If the brain looks sunken in...this is a response to what? | presence of dehydration |
| Hydrocephalus | water on the brain |
| What happens during hydrocephalus? | excessive fluid accumulate in the brain forcing bones apart and there by enlarging the skull |
| Smooth Muscle | Found in walls of viscera tubes and passageways. Also known as Visceral muscle, involuntary, non striated, stretchier than skeleton muscle |
| Cardiac Muscle | Found only in the heart. Pumps blood throughout the body. Have intercalated disc that promote rapid conduction of electrical signals throughout heart, striated, involuntary, 0 capability for regeneration |
| Skeletal Muscle | attached to the bone, voluntary, striated, produce movement and maintain posture, stabilize joints, helps maintain body temp., limited capacity for regeneration. |
| Muscles of the face... | frontalis, orbicularis, leutor palpebrae superioris, orbicularis oris, buccinator, zygomaticus, and platysma |
| What are the chewing muscles? | Masseter and Temporalis |
| Frontalis | flat muscle that cover the frontal bone. raisies eyebrows and wrinkles forehead |
| Orbicularis | Sphincter muscle that encircles eye. Control size of opening. closes the eye and assist w/ winking, blinking & sqinting |
| Leuator palpebrae superioris | Elevates opens eyelid. origin in bony orbit of the eye, insert into upper eye lid |
| orbicularis oris | sphincter muscle that encircles the mouth. forming words. known as the kissing muscle |
| Buccinator | origin on maxilla and mandible. inserts into the orbicularis oris. compression of cheeks--sucking, blowing, whistling. |
| This muscle may be considered a chewing muscle... | Buccinator--postions food between teeth, helps infants suck |
| Zygomatis | smiling muscle, extends from corner of mouth to cheek bone. |
| Platysma | originate in fascia of shoulder and anterior chest, insert into tissue of mouth and lower ace. Allows mouth to widen (pout) |
| Masseter | origin on maxzilla zygomatic process. contraction closes the jaw. |
| Temporalis | fan shaped muscle, extend from flat portion of temporal bone to mandible |
| Muscles of the shoulders and arm... | Tapezius, serratus anterior, pectoralis major, latissmus dorsi, deltoid, teres major and rotator cuff |
| Trapezius | allow for shrugging, contracts and move clavicle and scapula |
| Serratus Anterior | located on sides of chest. extend from upper ribs. has jagged shape. the shoulder are lowered and arms push forward (pushing a cart) |
| Pectoralis major | Large blood muscle helps form anterior chest wall. Contraction moves arms across in front of chest. (pointing to object in front of you) adducts/rotate arm medially and gym excercises are meant to hypertrophy these. |
| Latissmus dorsi | Middle, lower back region. lowers shoulders and brings arms back. (pointing behind you) |
| Deltoid | form round part of shoulder and shoulder pad. adducts arm raising it to horizontal position (scarecrow position) |
| Teres major | long round muscle, extend arm and shoulder joint. assist w/ medial rotation and adduction of arm and shoulder joint |
| Rotator cuff | Impingement syndrome or rotator cuff injury |
| Rotator cuff has 4 groups of muscles... | subscalpularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor |
| The 4 rotator cuff muscles form what? | cap and cuff for stabilizing joint muscle |
| Triceps brachii | muscles that support weight of the body when doing push ups or walking on crutches |
| Triceps brachii | called boxers muscle, lies along posterior surface of humerus and ulna. |
| Triceps brachii | Prime mover of extension of forearm at elbow joint |
| Biceps brachii | anterior surface of humerus. Acts synergentically w/ brachialis and brachioradiali to flex arm. |
| Prime movers for flexing arm | Biceps brachii and Brachialis |
| When asked to make a muscle this muscle is more visible.... | Biceps brachii |
| Pronator Muscle | anterior forearm--palms down is achieved by this muscle |
| Pronation | palms down |
| Supinator Muscle | posterior forearm and cause palm up |
| Some of the longest, strongest bones in the body... | Leg, thigh and foot |
| Muscles that move the thigh at the hip that's attached to the pelvic girdle.... | Gluteal muscles, illiopsoas, tensor fascia latae, and group of adductor muscles |
| Types of adductor muscles | adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis and pectineus muscles |
| Gluteal Muscles | Located on posterior surface. contains the gluteus maximus, minimus, medias |
| Illiopsoas | located near groin. contraction rotates/flexes thigh laterally |
| Tensor fascia latae | lateral thigh. contraction flexes and abducts thigh at hip joint |
| Group of adductor muscles | Located on medial surface of thigh. they press the thighs together |
| Other types of muscles that move the thigh... | quadraceps, femorous, Sartorius and hamstrings |
| Muscles that move the leg | Extensor and flexor |
| Quadraceps femoris | located on anterior thigh, most powerful muscle in the body, prime mover for extension of leg at the knee, like kicking football |
| Quadraceps femoris has 4 parts that cause extension of the leg | Castus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and vastus femoris |
| Hamstring | Located on posterior surface of the thigh, extend from ischium to tibia, flex at the knee, extend the thigh. strong tendons can be felt behind here |
| Muscles that move the foot | Located on anterior, lateral, posterior, surfaces of the leg |
| Muscles that move the foot | Tibialis anterior, peroneous lpngus muscle, Gastrocnemius and soleus, Sartorius, and calcaneal or Achilles tendon |
| Tibialis Anterior | Located on anterior surface, causes dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot (plantar flexion) |
| Peroneous Longus Muscle | located on lateral surface, everts (turn outward) the foot, support arch of foot, and assist w/ plantar flexion |
| Gastrocnemius and Soleus | Major muscles on Posterior surfaces of leg and form 1/ of the calf leg |
| Sartorius | Long muscle that crosses obliquely over anterior thigh, origin is on the illium; inserts on tibia, allows you to cross your legs, flex leg at knee and abducts laterally to rotate thigh |
| Calcaneal or Achilles tendon | Strongest tendon in the body, contraction causes plantar flexion, allows us to stand on tip toes |
| Motor Unit | Consist of nerve and inner muscle fibers, single neuron. strength of contraction is determined by a number of these |
| Recruitment | The more of these activated the greater force of contraction. |
| Chemoreceptor | change in chemical concentration of substance. responsible for taste and smell |
| Pain receptors aka nociceptors | Respond to tissue damage and pain |
| Thermoreceptor | Respond to a change in temperature such as heat and cold. |
| Mechanoreceptors | respond to changes in pressure or movement of fluids. responsible for hearing and equillibrium |
| Photoreceptors | Respond to light and energy. responsible for sight, rods, cones, and the eye |
| Touch receptor or tactile receptor | Found in the skin, allows us to feel cats fur. found in lips-tips of fingers, toes, tongue, penis and clitoris |
| Pressure receptor | Located in the skin in subcutaneous tissue, and is timulated by heavy ball in your hand |
| Propriception receptors | sense of orientation or position, allows us to locate body part w/out looking, and is located in muscles, tendons, joints and inner ear |
| Photoreceptors | Stimulated by light and produces nerve impulse. consist of rods and cones |
| Rods | Help to see in the dark (black& white) |
| Cones | Helps to see color and clear image |
| 3 layers of the eye | sclera, retina, and choroid |
| Sclera | Tough outer layer on posterior eyeball, forward extension becomes cornea (colored part of eye) extrinsic eye muscles attach here, contain contents of eye and shapes it. |
| Extrinsic eye muscle | moves eye left to right |
| Choroid | middle layer in posterior eyeball, forward extension become ciliary body and iris, highly vascular to nourish retina. iris is located here |
| pupil | opening or hole in middle of iris |
| Iris | regulate the amount of light entering the eye |
| Retina | Inner layer of posterior eyeball, site of photoreceptors, optic disc, contains high concentration of cones. fovea is found here |
| Fovea | contain so many cones its considered area for most acute vision |
| Optic disc | Optic nerve w/ no rods or cones, images are not seen, calling it the blind spot |
| Posterior cavity of the eyeball... | located between lens and retina. Contain citreous humor |
| Anterior cavity of the eyeball... | Located between lens and cornea. Contain aqueaous humor |
| Formation and Drainage of Aqueous humor | Formed by ciliary body, circulate through pupil behind cornea and drains through canals od schlemm |
| Extrinsic eye Muscles | Move eyeball in bony orbit |
| Intrinsic eye Muscles | move structures within eyeball (iris and ciliary muscles) responsible for pupil dialation |
| Extrinsic muscles of the eye consist of: | 4 rectus muscles, 2 obliques, and primary innervation from CNIII |
| Rectus muscles | moves eyes up, down, side to side |
| Oblique muscles | rolls eyes |
| CNIII considered the... | occulomotor nerve (cranial nerve) |
| Circular muscle contain | Miosis (pupils constrict) and Muscarinic receptors |
| Radial Muscle contain | Mydriasis (pupils dialate) and alpha 1 receptors |
| Muscarinic receptors control what? | Size of pupils in control of how much light enters the eye |
| Ciliary Muscles | causes lens to change shape |
| Refraction pertains to... | the lens |
| During process of refraction of the lens | Ciliary muscles pull suspensory ligaments, ligaments pulls on lens; changing its shape |
| Refraction | Bending light waves to focus on retina, lens primary refracting structure |
| Errors of refraction | Myopia, Hyperopia, and Astigmatism |
| Myopia | focal point in front of retina |
| Hyperopia | focal point behind retina |
| Astigmatism | results in irregular curved cornea |
| Accomodation | ability of lens to change shape to focus on a close object |
| Convergence | eyes move medially toward nose (cross eyes) |
| Emmetropia | ability of eye to refract light w/ out assistance of corrective lens |
| Presbyopia | W/ age lens looses its ability to change shape, diminishing ability to accommodate for close objects |
| Visual Pathway | pathway from retina to brain |
| Visual pathway--Optic Chiasm | Brain sees 1 image |
| Pathway of light--how it occurs | cornea-aqueous humor-pupil-lens-vitreous humor-rods and cones |
| Pathway of nerve impulses | Rods and cones-CNII-occipital lobe |
| 3 parts of the ear | External, middle and inner |
| External Ear | part of ear you can see, composed of auricle and external auditory canal |
| Auricle (pinna) | Latin for wing, covered by loose fitting skin, gathers sound waves |
| External Auditory Canal | Passageway for sound waves to enter the ear. hollowed out of temporal bone 1 inch long 1/2 inch wife |
| Tempanic membrane separate what from what? | External ear from middle ear |
| Middle ear | small air filled chamber, located n tympanic membrane. contain tiny bones, small muscles and Eustachian tube. has connective tissue. vibrate in response to vibrations |
| Eustachian tube | passageway that connects middle ear to pharynx or throat (aka auditory tube) |
| 3 tiny bones in middle ear | malleus (hammer), incus (anvil) and stappes (stirrups) |
| Inner ear | intricate system. consist of tubes and passageways hollowed out of temporal bone. has 3 parts |
| 3 parts of the inner ear | vestibule, semicircular canals and cchlea |
| Vestibules and Semicircular canals | both concerned with balance |
| Cochlea | concerned with hearing, nail shape, part of bony labyrinth (network of tubes), sends nerve impulses |
| Organ of Corti | Tiny hairs on receptors (cells), stimulated by bending of hairs |
| Pathway of vibrations. | Sound waves-tympanic membrane-ossicles-oval window-organ of corti |
| Pathway of nerve impulses | organ of corti-CNIII (cochlear branch)-temporal lobe |
| 2 characteristics of sensation. | Projection and adaptation |
| Projection | Brain refers info back to source |
| Adaptation | Sensory becomes less, w/ continuous stimulation it becomes less responsive. |
| Primary visual structures of the eye are? | The eye and Visual pathway |
| Visual accessory structures | Eyebrows, eyelids, conjunctiva, eyelashes, lacrimal apparatus, extrinsic eye muscle |
| Eyebrows | keep sweat out of eyes-somewhat like a shade |
| Eyelids | protect eye, wash tears away from it |
| Conjunctiva | White of the eye, lines inner surface of eyelid |
| Eyelashes | Lines edge of eyelid, traps dust |
| Lacrimal apparatus | Ducts for tears, upper lateral part of orbit |
| Extrinsic eye muscle | Moves eye left |
| Adaptation | Sensory becomes less, w/ continuous stimulation it becomes less responsive. |
| Primary visual structures of the eye are? | The eye and Visual pathway |
| Visual accessory structures | Eyebrows, eyelids, conjunctiva, eyelashes, lacrimal apparatus, extrinsic eye muscle |
| Eyebrows | keep sweat out of eyes-somewhat like a shade |
| Eyelids | protect eye, wash tears away from it |
| Conjunctiva | White of the eye, lines inner surface of eyelid |
| Eyelashes | Lines edge of eyelid, traps dust |
| Lacrimal apparatus | Ducts for tears, upper lateral part of orbit |
| Extrinsic eye muscle | Moves eye left |
| Atlas | C1 first cervical vertebrae, has no body but depressions. allows us to nod yes |
| Axis | C2 Second cervical vertebrae, projections called the dens, acts as pivot or swivel for atlas. allows us to nod no (side to side) |
Created by:
tnaturalbeauty
Popular Science sets