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Science cards 9th gd
9th grade flashcards biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mitochondria | breaks down sugar molecules into energy. ATP |
| Cell Wall | supports+ protects plant cells. Allows H2O, O2 to pass through |
| Golgi Apparatus | modifies and sends proteins made by ribosomes through the ER |
| Cytoskeleton | Internal framework of the cell |
| Nucleus | the "brain" of the cell |
| Chloroplasts | Allows a plant to absorb energy from the sun to make food |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | carries materials throughout th ecell |
| Vacuoles | store food, water, and waste |
| Chromatin | made up of DNA and RNA +proteins, substances of cell nucleus |
| Nucleolus | Produce Ribosomes |
| Lysosomes | breaks down larger food molecules. Digests old cell parts |
| Cytoplasm | supports/ protects cell organelles |
| Ribosomes | build proteins with directions from the Nucleus |
| Crick and Watson | discoverec structure of DNA (Double Helix) |
| Linus Pauling | quantum chemistry and molecular biology (triple helix) |
| Rosalind Franklin | contribution to DNA discovery |
| Carolus Linnaeus | created binomial nomenclature, taxonomy |
| Taxonomy | study of general principles of Scientific classification |
| Transcription | DNA makes RNA |
| Translation | RNA translates into specific proteins |
| DNA Helicase | unwind/ unzip DNA at weak hydrogen bonds |
| DNA Polymerase | read DNA, add nucleotides using base pairing rules. pairs separated ones with new AGTC bases. |
| Mutation | events that changes genetic structure |
| Sperm | Half of the Father's DNA |
| Egg | Half of the mother's DNA |
| Allele | either of a pair of gene that controls character |
| Apoptosis | when cells kill itself |
| Chromatid | one of two identical strands of DNA which a chromosomes splits apart |
| Phenotype | what the gene makes offspring look like. |
| Genotype | the likelihood of a certain genetic trait |
| Spindle Fibers | fibers that go to each pole during mitosis |
| Gamete | Sex reproductive cell with single set of unpaired chromosomes |
| Zygote | diploid cell resulting from union of sperm and egg |
| Haploid | having only one complete set of chromosomes |
| Heterozygous | when one allele has two traits |
| Homozygous | having identical alleles |
| abiotic | not alive |
| biotic | alive |
| succession | change in an ecosystem by replacing communities until it is stable |
| population | the number of creatures in a specific species |
| community | many different species in the same place |
| symbiosis | how different species live alongside each other |
| species | a group of creatures that have the same type of traits |
| carrying capacity | the number of organisms that can be supported indefinitely in a given environment |
| exponential growth | a growth where the rate patches the size |
| dynamic equilibrium | steady state because life and death occur at the same rate. |
| evolution | process in which organisms develope |
| natural selection | having traits that create adaptations in hard times |
| adaptation | adjust or modify for benefit |
| maladaptation | when adapting fails or proves a drawback |
| Vestigial structure | when things from your ancestors stop working or switch uses |
| genetic variation | when organisms in one species have different DNA |
| survival of the fittest | the organisms that best adapt survive |
| DNA stands for: | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| where is dna found in your cells | nucleus |
| why is dna replication important | because it needs to produce an exact replica of itself for the new cell to carry out its purpose. |
| what are proteins made of | amino acids |
| what do proteins do for you | help us move, live and fight off germs |
| surface area and volume of a cell can determine what? | how large the cell is because the s. a. has to be larger than the v. for the cell to work |
| four stages of mitosis | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| miosis/mitosis | mitosis works on all cells, miosis only works on sex cells |
| cell cycle regulation affected to cancer | cdk, cycilins, cancer is when reproduction of cells works harder than normal |
| three stages of Cellular Respiration | glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC |
| TT + tt | Tt, Tt, Tt, Tt |
| RW WW (incomplete dominance) | RW, RW, WW, WW |
| XhY XHXh | XHXh, XhXh, XHY, XhY |
| order of biological complexity: population, biosphere, ecosystem, organism, community | organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere |
| Symbiotic relationships | Parasitism, Mutualism, Commensalism, Neutralism. |
| Ecological sustainability measurement | indicators, benchmark, audits, assessments, etc. |
| Purpose of life | Reproduce, survive |
| Seven levels of classification | kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
| evolution occurs in | millions of years |
Created by:
maemaeph
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