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Biology Chapter 1 ~
Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 7 Characteristics in Life | Cells, Sensitivity, Growth, Homeostasis, Reproduction, Metabolism, and Adaption |
| Organisms with many cells | Multicellular |
| Organisms with only one cell | Unicellular |
| A change in the environment | Stimulus |
| Reactions to stimuli in the environment | Responses |
| Increase in size, the development of new physical structures, or the refinement of reasoning and behavior | Growth |
| The ability of an organism to maintain a steady internal state, regardless of external influence | Homeostasis |
| When two organisms create offspring | Sexual reproduction |
| When one organism is capable of creating offspring by itself | Asexual reproduction |
| The sum of all chemical reaction within a cell or organism | Metabolism |
| When Organisms become specially suited to particular environment | Adaptation |
| The use of nutrients by an organism | Nutrition |
| The process that breaks large food molecules into forms that can be used by the cell | Digestion |
| The ability of a cell to take in nutrients, water, gases, and other substances from its surrounding | Absorption |
| The movement of nutrients, water, gases, and other substances into and out of the cell | Transport |
| The cellular process of building new chemical compounds for the purpose of growth, repair, and reproduction | Biosynthesis |
| The release of substances from a cell | Secretion |
| The release of energy from chemical breakdown of compounds within the cell | Respiration |
| The ability of the cell to rid itself of waste products | Excretion |
| The ability of a cell to react to stimuli from its environment | Reponse |
| The process of fission in which one cell divides to form two identical new cells | Reproduction |
| The cellular process in which a plant makes food from water and carbon dioxide using energy from the sun. | Photosynthesis |
| The structural and functional unit of all organisms | Cell |
| "Little Organs", are small, specialized by cellular subunits separated from the rest of the cell by a membrane | Organelles |
| The thin flexible boundary surrounding the cell | Cell membrane |
| Watery, jelly-like part of the cell that contains salts, minerals, and the cell organelles | Cytoplasm |
| Area of the cell where the DNA is stored | Genetic material |
| A cell that does not have a true nucleus | Prokaryotic |
| A cell that has a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane | Eukaryotic |
| Rigid membrane around plant cell; made of cellulose and provides shape and support | Cell Wall (plant cells only) |
| Group of structures used in photosynthesis and product storage; have a double membrane and provide color and cellular energy | Plastids (plant cells only) |
| Spherical storage sac for food and water | Vacuoles |
| Membrane surrounding the cell that allows some molecules to pass through | Cell Membrane |
| Flattened membrane sacs for synthesis, packaging, and distribution | Golgi Bodies |
| Rod-shaped double membranous structures where cellular respiration takes place | Mitochondria |
| Fibers and tubes of protein that help move internal cell parts | Microfilaments & Microtubules |
| Folded membranes having areas with and without ribosomes used for transport of DNA and proteins | Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
| Dense body in the nucleus; site of ribosome production | Nucleolus |
| Control center of the cell; location of hereditary information; surrounded by nuclear envelope | Nucleus |
| Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus; fused at certain points to create nuclear pores; outer membrane is continuous with the ER | Nuclear Envelope |
| Structures that manufacture proteins; found on endoplasmic reticulum and floating in the cytoplasm | Ribosomes |
| Short tubes necessary for cell reproduction in some cells | Centrioles (animal cells only) |
| Spherical salt containing enzymes for digestive functions | Lysosomes |
| Short, hair-like extensions on the surface of some cells used for movement and food gathering | Cilia (animal cells only) |
| Long, whip like extensions on the surface of some cells used for movement | Flagella (animal cells only) |
| Jelly-like substance in the cell around nucleus and organelles | Cytoplasm |
| Groups of cells that perform the same function | Tissues |
| Several types of tissues group together to perform particular functions | Organs |
| A group of organs working together for a particular function | Organ System |
| Chemical messengers that regulate some body functions in multicellular organisms | Hormones |
| Only certain substances can go through | Semi-permeable |
| Molecules move spontaneously through the cell membrane from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration | Passive Transport |
| The process by which substances move directly through the cell membrane | Diffusion |
| Involves the help of a carrier protein to move a substance from one side of the cell wall to the other | Facilitated Diffusion |
| The movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane | Osmosis |
| A ___ solution has the lower concentration of solute; this may be thought of as a higher concentration of water | Hypotonic |
| A ___ solution has a higher concentration of dissolved solute, which may be thought of as a lower concentration of water | Hypertonic |
| When the solute concentrates are the same inside and outside the cell membrane | Isotomic |
| Placing plant cells in a hypertonic solution causes the plant cell membranes to shrink away from the cell wall | Plasmolysis |
| The movement of substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration | Active Transport |
| A form of active transport, brings material into the cell without passing through the cell membrane | Endocytosis |
| A form of active transport that removes materials from the cell | Exocytosis |
| When the membrane folds itself around the substance and brings the substance into the cell | Vesicle |
Created by:
jayypce14
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