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Bio 1: 2.1-2.5
Cell Organelles, Cell Theory, Cell Differentiation, & Cell Transport
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell Theory: All living things are composed of ___ or ___ cells. | one, more |
| Cell Theory: Cells are the basic unit of ___ and ___ in all living things. | structure, function |
| Cell Theory: All presently existing cells ___ ___ previously existing cells | came from |
| The lowest level of structure capable of performing all the activities of life is the ___. | cell |
| A(n) ___ organism is composed of one cell | unicellular |
| A(n) ___ organism is composed of two or more cells. | multicellular |
| The ability of cells to divide to form new cells is the basis for all ___ and for the growth and repair of all multicellular organisms. | reproduction |
| A cell that does not contain a nucleus | Prokaryotic cell |
| Eukaryotic cell | a cell that has a nucleus |
| Organelle | a cell structure that performs a specialized function |
| Cell organelle that contains the genetic material (DNA) and functions as the control center. | nucleus |
| Cell organelle which functions as the powerhouse of the cell (supplies energy). | mitochondria |
| Cell organelle where cellular respiration takes place. | mitochondria |
| Cell organelle found only in plants where photosynthesis occurs. | chloroplast |
| Green pigment which absorbs energy from the Sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar | chlorophyll |
| Cell organelle which contains enzymes necessary for digesting/recycling material within the cell. | lysosomes |
| Cell organelle which stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. | vacuoles |
| Cell organelle that functions as the site of protein synthesis. Can be found on the ER or in the cytoplasm. | ribosomes |
| Cell organelle that functions to transport materials throughout the inside of the cell. | endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
| A type of ER that has ribosomes attached. | rough ER |
| A type of ER that does not have ribosomes attached. | smooth ER |
| A cell organelle that modifies, collects, packages, and distributes molecules. | golgi bodies (apparatus) |
| short hair-like projections responsible for the movement of animal cells. | cilia |
| long whip-like projections responsible for the movement of some animal cells, bacteria, or protists. | flagella |
| cell organelle that encloses the cell and regulates the passage of materials between the cell and its environment. It also aids in protection and support of the cell. | cell membrane |
| Cell organelle that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and regulates the passage of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm | nuclear membrane |
| Cell organelle that surrounds the cell membrane for protection and support in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists, and allows for specific substances to pass in and out of the cell. | cell wall |
| Semi-fluid material inside the cell containing molecules and the organelles, exclusive of the nucleus; is bound by the cell membrane | cytoplasm |
| Prokaryotic cells lack a ___, but do contain ___ for protein synthesis. | nucleus, ribosomes |
| Type of cell that lacks a mitochondria, but can obtain energy from sunlight or chemicals in their environment | prokaryotic |
| Each cell within an organism contains the ___ ___ of the organism. | genetic material |
| All cells ___ have the potential to become any type of cell. | initially |
| As cells divide, the ___ ___ determines what type of cell it will become. | genetic material |
| There are many different types of cells. Each has a different ___ and ___. | structure, function |
| cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism | Levels of cellular organization |
| Cells with the same structure and function join together to form ___. | tissues |
| Tissues that have the same structure and perform similar functions join together to form ___. | organs |
| Organs that work together to perform certain tasks form an ___ ___. | organ system |
| All organ systems within a(n) ___ work together to perform life functions. | organism |
| Stem cells | unspecialized cells that continually reproduce themselves and have the ability to differentiate into one or more types of specialized cells |
| A type of stem cell that has not yet differentiated into various cell types. | embryonic stem cells |
| A type of stem cell that has already differentiated into a specialized cell type. | adult stem cells |
| The necessity of an organism to maintain constant or stable internal conditions. | homeostasis |
| All organisms have processes and structures which respond to ___ in ways that help maintain homeostasis. | stimuli |
| Homeostasis is dependent upon the ___ of materials into and out of the cell. | movement |
| Materials needed for cellular processes must move ___ the cell and waste materials must move ___. | into, out |
| A cell membrane is ___, meaning that some substances can pass directly through the cell membrane while other substances cannot. | semipermeable (selectively permeable) |
| A process by which substances move across a cell membrane but do not require energy from the cell. | passive transport |
| Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion are all types of ___ transport. | passive |
| The spreading out of molecules across a cell membrane until they are equally concentrated. | diffusion |
| Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration | concentration gradient |
| the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of greater concentration of water to an area of lesser concentration of water. | osmosis |
| The process by which some substances that are not able to pass directly through a cell membrane are able to enter the cell with the aid of transport proteins | facilitated diffusion |
| Some substances have chemical structures that ___ them from passing directly through a cell membrane | prevent |
| ___ is a substance that requires the use of a transport protein in order to diffuse through the cell membrane. | glucose |
| A type of transport in which the cell must expend energy to move the molecule across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. | active transport |
| In active transport, molecules are "___" across the cell membrane by transport proteins. | pumped |
| ___, ___, and ___ are examples of materials that must be forced across the cell membrane using active transport. | calcium, potassium, sodium ions |
| Another process of active transport happens when molecules are ___ ___ to pass through a cell membrane even with the aid of transport proteins | too large |
| A type of active transport where a large molecule passes into the cell. | endocytosis |
| A type of active transport where a large molecule passes out of the cell. | exocytosis |
| ___ are used by large molecules to travel through the cell membrane. | vesicles |
Created by:
Ms. Phillips
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