Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P2 Heart Practice
Del-Tech Owens A&P2 Heart Practice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Don't forget to use the targets button to practice labeling stuff! | It's beneath the flashcards and whatnot. |
| The heart is __ shaped. | cone |
| The heart weighs less than one __. | pound |
| The heart is located in the thorax between the __. | lungs |
| The heart is enclosed in a double-sac of serous membrane called the __. | pericardium |
| The __ tightly hugs the external surface of the heart. | epicardium |
| A slippery fluid that lubricates area around the heart to reduce friction is called __ fluid. | serous |
| An inflammation of the pericardium due to decreased serous fluid around the heart is called __. | pericarditis |
| The 3 layers of the heart are __. | epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
| Which of the heart's 3 layers has thick bundles of cardiac muscles? | myocardium |
| Which of the heart's 3 layers can be described as a glistening sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chamber? | endocardium |
| Which of the heart's 3 layers does the contracting? | myocardium |
| Which of the heart's 3 layers forms the skeleton of the heart? | myocardium |
| Which layer is an integral part of the heart wall? | epicardium |
| What is the space between the parietal and visceral layers of the heart called? | pericardial cavity |
| What does epicardium literally mean? | Upon the heart |
| How many atria does the heart have? | two |
| How many ventricles does the heart have? | two |
| Each chamber of the heart is lined with the __. | endocardium |
| Which chambers of the heart are the receiving chambers? | atriums |
| Which chambers of the heart are the discharging chambers? | ventricles |
| What separates the ventricles and the atria of the heart from each other? | septum |
| Which side of the heart is called the "pulmonary pump?" | right |
| Which side of the heart is for systemic circulation? | left |
| Why is the heart called a "double loop?" | It's a double pump |
| Oxygen rich blood drains from the lungs and is returned to the __ side of the heart. | left |
| Blood returns to the heart from the lungs via four __ veins. | pulmonary |
| Which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls? | left ventricle |
| The left ventricle of the heart is __ times as thick as the right ventricle. | three |
| How many valves are there in the heart? | four |
| The valves in the heart only allow blood to flow in __ direction. | one |
| Blood flows in the heart from the __ to the __ and out through the great __. | atria ventricles arteries |
| The valve of the heart between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called the __ valve. | tricuspid |
| The valve of the heart between the left atrium and the left ventricle is called the __ valve. | biscuspid or mitral |
| The tricuspid valve has __ flaps. | three |
| The biscupid valves has __ flaps. | two |
| The mitral valve (same as the bicuspid valve) is called the mitral valve because it is shaped like a _. | mitre (Pope's hat) |
| The flaps that open and close in the heart's valves are called __. | Cusps (as in cuspid) |
| What anchors the cusps, or flaps, of the heart to the walls of the ventricles? | chordae tendinae |
| Which valves guard the bases of the 2 large arteries that leave the ventricular chambers of the heart? | semilunar valves |
| The two semilunar valves of the heart are the __ and __ semilunar valves. | pulmonary and aortic |
| When the ventricles of the heart contract, the semilunar valves are __. | open |
| The heart's coronary arteries supply and nourish the heart's __. | myocardium |
| The heart has coronary arteries on the __ and left sides. | right |
| The heart's coronary arteries branch off from the __ and encircle the heart. | aorta |
| The heart's myocardium is drained by several cardiac __. | veins |
| The heart's cardiac veins drain into the coronary __. | sinus |
| The heart's coronary sinus drains into the __ __. | right atrium |
| When the heart's myocardium is deprived of oxygen, the result is the crushing pain of __ __. | angina pectoris |
| A heart attack is also known as a __ __. | myocardial infarction |
| The average human heart pumps __ qts of blood per day. | six-thousand |
| The average human body has __ __ of blood in it. | six quarts |
| The cardiac muscles beat __ even if all nervous system connections are severed. | spontaneously |
| What are the 2 kinds of control systems for the heart? | autonomic nervous system and nodal system (also called the intrinsic conduction system) |
| The autonomic nervous system consists of 2 parts? The __ and __. | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| The heart's nodal system is cross between __ and __ system tissue. | muscle and nervous |
| The SA node of the heart's nodal system is located at the __ __. | right atrium |
| The AV node of the heart's nodal system is located at the junction of the __ and __. | atria and ventricles |
| The atrioventricular bundle is also called the bundle of __. | HIS |
| The bundle of HIS is located where in the heart? | interventricular septum |
| What kind of fibers are spread within the muscle of the heart's ventricle walls? | Pukinje fibers |
| Which node in the heart starts each heartbeat? | SA |
| Which node sets the pace for the whole heart? | SA |
| After the SA node starts a heartbeat, the impulse spreads to the __. | atria |
| After an impulse from the SA node of the heart spreads to the atria, what node is activated? | AV |
| After the AV node of the heart is activated during a heartbeat, which chambers contracts? | atria |
| In order to give the atria of the heart time to contract fully, the impulse to contract is delayed at the __ node. | AV |
| After the impulse to beat passes through the AV node and the atria, the signal passes rapidly through the __ __. | AV bundle |
| After the impulse to beat passes through the AV bundle of the heart, the signal passes through the __ __. | Bundle branches and Purkinje fibers |
| During the final phase of a heartbeat, the electrical signal causes a wringing contraction of the __. | ventricles |
| The contraction of the heart's ventricles begins at the heart's __ and moves toward the __. | apex, atria |
| Damage to heart's SA node may cause the impulse to beat to be too weak to reach the __ __. | AV node |
| If the impulse to beat fails to reach the AV node of the heart, the signal will not reach the __. | ventricles |
| A __ __ is a failure of proper conduction of impulses through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (or bundle of HIS) of the heart. | heart block |
| A partial heart block describes an occasional failure of the heart to __ when it should during its regular rhythm. | beat |
| A complete heart block means that no impulses reach the __ node from the __ node, so the ventricles contract more slowly than the atria. | AV SA |
| A __ __ can overcome a heart block. | cardiac pacemaker |
| Most pacemakers come with batteries that will last from _ to __ years at a normal heart rate. | five to ten |
| A rapid heart rate is described as __. (It literally means "fast heart.") | tachycardia |
| Tissue death due to lack of blood flow is called __. | ischemia |
| A rapid uncoordinated shuddering of the heart is called __. | fibrillation |
| A slow heart beat is called __. | bradycardia |
| Heart contractions are called __. | systole |
| When the heart relaxes during a beat, this is called __. | diastole |
| The evens of a complete heart beat are called the __ __. | cardiac cycle |
| During a cardiac cycle, all 4 chambers of the heart __ and __. | contract and relax |
| During systole, the heart contracts and blood __ the heart. | empties from |
| During diastole, the heart relaxes and blood __ the heart. | fills |
| The average heart beats __ times a minute. | seventy-five |
| The sounds of the heart can be described as __, __, pause. | lub dub |
| "Lub" is caused by the __ of the __ valves. | closing of the AV valves |
| "Dub" is the sound of the __ __ closing. | semilunar valves |
| Abnormal sounds from the heart are called heart __. | murmurs |
| Heart murmurs indicate __ problems within the heart. | valve |
| A mitral valve __ is one cause of a heart murmur. | prolapse |
| The amount of blood pumped out of the heart each minute is called the __ __. | cardiac output |
| The __ nervous system speeds up the heart. | sympathetic |
| The __ nervous system slows the heart down. | parasympathetic |
| Epinephrine is part of the __ system. Hence, it causes the heart to speed up. | sympathetic |
| Digoxin is part of the __ system. It causes the heart to slow down. | parasympathetic |
| If the pumping efficiency of the heart decreases so that circulation is inadequate for the needs of the body, this is called __ __ __. | congestive heart failure |
| During congestive heart failure, the lungs __ __ with fluid. | fill up |
| In one side of the heart fails, this is called __ __. | peripheral congestion |
| Peripheral congestion in the heart can cause __ in the body and ankles. | edema |
| Which blood vessels take blood away from the heart? | arteries |
| Which blood vessels bring blood to the heart? | veins |
| Venules empty into __. | veins |
| Small arteries are called __. | arterioles |
| Arteries supply blood to the __ beds. | capillary |
| The largest artery in the body is called the __. | aorta |
| Veins that drain from the head and arms empty into the heart's __ __ __. | superior vena cava |
| Veins that drain into the lower body empty into the heart's __ __ __. | inferior vena cava |
| There are 2 pairs of arteries that feed the brain. They are __ and __. | internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries |
| Small arterial branches unite the anterior and posterior blood supplies of the brain are called __. | the circle of Willis |
| All blood drained from the digestive trace is sent to the __ to remove waste and toxins. | liver |
| The average arterial pulse of a person at rest is between __ and __ beats per minute. | 70 and 76 |
| Pulse rate is affected by __, __, and __. | activity, posture, and emotions |
| The __ is the entryway for blood into the liver. | hepatic portal system |
| The __ is the way blood leaves the liver. | hepatic vein |
| Blood pressure is greatest in arteries near the heart and zero at the vena cava. This is called the __. | blood pressure gradient |
| The pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricle contraction is called __ pressure. | systolic |
| The pressure when the ventricles are relaxing is called __ pressure. | diastolic |
| Arterial blood pressure is directly related to __ and __. | cardiac output and peripheral resistance |
| Friction created in blood vessels as blood passes through is called __. | peripheral resistance |
| Peripheral resistance is increased by constriction or narrowing of __. | blood vessels |
| The 8 factors that can alter blood pressure include: | age, weight, time of day, exercise, body position, emotional state, drugs, race |
| The __ division of the autonomic nervous system causes vasoconstriction. | sympathetic |
| If arterial blood pressure drops, the __ retain water. | kidneys |
| If the kidneys retain water, this increases blood __ and blood pressure rises. | volume |
| What stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone? | renin |
| A hormone that causes reabsorption of sodium, increased blood volume, and increased blood pressure is called __. | aldosterone |
| Cold temperatures can cause __. | vasoconstriction |
| Heat can cause __. | vasodilation |
| Epinephrine increases __ and heart rate. | blood pressure |
| Alcohol and histamines cause __. | vasodilation |
| __ increases blood pressure by vasoconstriction. | nicotine |
| If your systolic pressure is below __ you have hypotension. | 100 |
| A temporary drop in blood pressure when rising too quickly is called __. | orthostatic hypotension |
| If your blood pressure is above 140/90, you have __. | hypertension |
| Chronic hypertension indicates increased __. | peripheral resistance |
| Hypertension can cause the heart to __ over time. | enlarge |
| Five factors that increase the risk of hypertension are: | diet, obesity, heredity, race, stress |
| Filling the blood vessels with fatty, calcified deposits leads to __. | coronary heart disease |
| Roughening of the blood vessel walls increases the chance of __. | thrombus formation |
| What is the pacemaker of the heart? | SA node (sinoatrial) |
| The SA node produces action potentials at a __ rate than other areas of the heart. | faster |
| The SA node has __ calcium ion channels than other parts of the heart. | more |
| If the SA node is damaged, other areas can produce a heartbeat. But it will be a slower, or __, heartbeat at just 40-60 bpm. | ectopic |
| An action potential in the heart starts in the SA node and then travels to the __. | AV node |
| An action potential in the heart moves from the AV node to the __. | fibrous skeleton |
| An action potential in the heart moves from the fibrous skeleton to the __. | interventricular septum |
| An action potential in the heart moves from the interventricular septum to the __. | AV bundle |
| An action potential in the heart moves from the AV bundle to the __. | bundle of HIS |
| Once an action potential in the heart reaches the bundle of HIS, the __ has completed contracting. | atria |
| Once the atria in the heart have finished contracting, the action potential moves to the heart __. | ventricles |
| Which part of the heart's electrical system divides into two branches? One that goes left and another that goes right. | AV bundle |
| Action potentials in the heart descend into the apex of each ventricle and the __. | AV bundle branches |
| __ carry action potentials from the bundle branches to the ventricular walls. | purkinje fibers |
| The fibers in the AV bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers all have something in common besides making the heart beat. What is it? | They conduct action potentials more quickly than other cardiac muscle fibers |
| The complete cardiac cycle (or heart beat or pumping cycle) takes place in 2 steps. Which are? | systole (contraction); diastole (relaxation) |
| The "lub" sound of the heart is the first sound you hear. It is made by the closing of the __. | AV valves |
| The closing of the AV valves begins the heart's __. | ventricular systole |
| The "dub" sound made by the heart is caused by the closing of the __. | SL valves |
| The closing of the SL valves begins __. | ventricular diastole |
| A blood pressure meter is technically called a __ (also called a sphygmometer). | sphygmomanometer |
| Inserting a catheter or needle into the blood vessel is the most __ way to measure blood pressure, but is too invasive. | accurate |
| The pressure exerted against the walls of a vessel or chamber is called __. | blood pressure |
| Typical blood measure is 120/80, or 120 over 80. What pressure does the top number (the 120) represent? | systolic |
| Systolic pressure measures peak arterial blood pressure during __. | ventricular systole |
| Typical blood measure is 120/80, or 120 over 80. What pressure does the bottom number (the 80) represent? | diastolic pressure |
| Diastolic pressure measures the minimal __ pressure between heart beats. | arterial |
| A blood pressure of __ over __ is recommended. | 115/75 |
| If your blood pressure is consistently __, you have hypertension. | 140/90 or greater |
| Low blood volume, blood loss, dehydration, anemia, or being near death are all causes of __. | hypotension |
| Blood pressure tends to increase as we age due to decreased __ of arterial walls. | pliability |
| Peripheral resistance depends on the following 3 things: | blood viscosity (RBCs + albumin); blood vessel length (longer means more friction and more pressure); blood vessel diameter |
| If a smaller blood vessel diameter increases blood pressure, then vasoconstriction must __ blood pressure. | increase |
| What controls vessel diameter? | vasomotor center |
| Where is the vasomotor center? | medulla oblongota |
| Baroreceptors sense blood __. | pressure |
| Where are the body's baroreceptors located? | aortic arch and interior carotid sinuses |
| What senses chemical changes, like pH, O2, and CO2 levels, in the body? | chemoreceptors |
| Chemoreceptors are located in what 3 places? | aortic arch, exterior carotid, medulla oblongota |
| An increase in total blood plasma volume also increases __. (Remember that plasma is mostly made from water.) | blood pressure |
| An antidiuretic increases water retention. Therefore, it also __ blood pressure. | increases |
| A diuretic decreases water retention and therefore __ blood pressure. | decreases |
| Angiotensin II causes __ in the blood vessels. | vasoconstriction |
| Atrial Naturiuretic Hormone (ANH) increases water loss which increases sodium loss. It also decreases production of __ and works as a __ for the blood vessels. | aldosterone; vasodilator |
| The more the heart muscle is stretched, the more forceful the contraction and the more blood is pumped. This law is called what? | Frank-Starling Law of Heart |
| A stronger heart means a stronger __ volume. | stroke |
| __ in muscles and joints let the cardiac center know of increased activity. | Proprioreceptors |
| Newborns have a heart rate greater than __ bpm. | 100 |
| In an adult, a heart rate greater than __ means tachycardia. | 100 |
| Stress, anxiety, heart disease, drugs, and fever can all lead to __. | tachycardia |
| A heart rate of less than __ can be caused by sleep, hypothermia, and endurance training. | 60 |
| People with high blood pressure are said to be __. | hypertensive |
| An inability to pump sufficient blood to sustain life is called __. | heart failure |
| Diseased heart tissue, myocardial infarction, and dysrhythmias are all examples of __. | cardiomyopathy |
| If the left side of the heart loses its ability to pump effectively, this is called __. | congestive heart failure |
| Congestive heart failure can cause the body to retain __. | fluids |
Created by:
IsaacJ
Popular Biology sets