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8A Food, glorious ..
Key terms for KS3 studies in food and digestion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| absorbed | When small, soluble molecules go through the wall of the small intestine into the blood. |
| anus | The opening at the end of the gut. |
| appendix | Small tube branching off the large intestine. It has no function in humans. |
| artery | Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. |
| balanced diet | Eating a wide variety of foods to give us all the things that we need. |
| blood vessel | Tubes in which blood flows. There are capillaries, veins and arteries. |
| capillaries | Tiny tubes that carry blood. |
| carbohydrate | Nutrient that is used as the main source of energy. |
| chemical energy | Energy stored in chemicals (like food and fuel). |
| circulatory system | System containing the heart and blood vessels. |
| constipation | When the intestines get blocked up. |
| contract | To get smaller. |
| diabetes | Disease in which the levels of glucose in the blood cannot be controlled. |
| diet | The food that you eat. |
| digestion | Process that breaks food into soluable substances in our bodies. |
| digestion | Process that breaks food into soluble substances in our bodies. |
| digestive juice | A liquid containing enzymes, which break down food. |
| digestive system | A group of organs that carry out digestion. |
| egestion | When faeces are pushed out of the anus. |
| enzyme | A chemical that can break up large molecules. |
| faeces | Waste food material produced by the intestines. |
| fat | Nutrient that is stored to be used for energy in the future. It also helps to keep heat in our bodies. |
| fibre | Substance found in food that is not used up by the body. It helps to keep our intestines clean. |
| gullet | Tube that goes from the mouth to the stomach. Sometimes called the ‘food pipe’. |
| gut | All the organs of the digestive system apart from the mouth. |
| health claim | Statement telling you about a food’s supposedly good effects on your body. |
| heart | Organ that pumps blood around the body. |
| heart disease | Disease caused by narrowing of the arteries carrying the blood to the muscles of the heart, which means that the heart muscles do not receive enough oxygen. |
| ingestion | Putting food into your mouth. |
| insoluble | Something that does not dissolve is said to be insoluble. |
| insulin | A chemical made in the pancreas that causes cells to take glucose out of the blood. |
| kilojoule (kJ) | Unit of energy used on food packets. There are 1000 J in 1 kJ. |
| large intestine | Organ that takes water out of waste food. |
| liver | Organ that makes and destroys many substances in the body. |
| mineral | Properly called a ‘mineral salt’. It is a nutrient needed in small quantities for health (e.g. calcium). |
| model | A scientific way of thinking about how or why things happen. Allows you to more easily think about how a complicated thing works. |
| molecule | Two or more atoms joined together. |
| nutrient | Substance needed in the diet to provide raw materials. |
| nutrition information | Information found on a food packet or label to tell you what is in the food. |
| obese | Being very overweight. |
| pancreas | An organ that produces insulin and produces enzymes (which help to break down food). |
| protein | Nutrient used for growth and repair. |
| raw materials | Substances used to make other substances. |
| rectum | Organ that stores faeces before they are egested. |
| respiration | Process that releases energy from food. Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste gas. |
| saliva | A digestive juice. It contains an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar. |
| salivary gland | Found in the mouth. It makes saliva. |
| small intestine | Organ where most digestion happens. The soluble substances produced by digestion are absorbed into the body here. It is about 6.5 m long in adults. |
| soluable | Something that is soluble can dissolve in a liquid. |
| starch | Type of insoluble carbohydrate found in plants. |
| stomach | Organ containing strong acid that mixes food up and digests proteins. |
| sugar | Type of soluble carbohydrate. Glucose is an example of a sugar. |
| tissue | A group of cells of the same type all doing the same job. |
| tissue fluid | A liquid that leaks out of capillaries carrying dissolved food and oxygen to cells. |
| vein | Blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart. |
| villi | Small finger-like parts of the small intestine. They increase the surface area so that digested food is absorbed more quickly. Singular = villus. |
| vitamin | Nutrient needed in small quantities for health (e.g. vitamin C). |
Created by:
mrcpaine
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