Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIOL3219, Sandie L05
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where are the areas most affected by anthropogenic marine impacts? | Northern Sea, Japanese waters, Eastern Caribbean and South East Asia. |
| How many people live near coral reefs? | Half a billion people. |
| Which coral reefs have highest 'people' pressure? | Based on the number of people within 100km of coral reef. 1. South East Asia (230 million) 2. Indian Ocean (145 million) 3. Caribbean (55 million) 4. Pacific (20 million) 5. Atlantic 6. Middle east |
| What are the four types of threats to coral reefs? | NATURAL - storms, predators, disease HUMAN - tourism, pollution, shipping, destructive fishing, overfishing,development, sediment, nutrients CLIMATE - CO2, global warming, disease/invasives GOVERNANCE - poor management, growing pops, low political will |
| What are the top 10 threats to reefs in 2013? | destructive fishing overfishing development sediment nutrients CO2 global warming disease/invasive poor management growing pops low political will |
| What is the current status of coral reefs? | 20% is regarded as effectively lost - damaged beyond repair (<5% coral cover) 20% seriously threatened with loss within next 10-20 years. Another 20% under threat of loss within next 20 - 40 years. 40% of reefs worldwide are at low risk. |
| Central point of lecture 5? | An historical context is enormously important in helping us to evaluate the scale of present‐days threats to coral reefs. - use past events to help inform future decisions - use historical data to determine the most appropriate baseline reference |
| In the past what has been a common response to environmental change? | In the past, a common response to environmental change has been a shii in species range distributions (paleoecology). |
| Give an example of the common response to environmental change. | Southerly shift of coral distributions on West Australian coastline. |
| How can past events inform future predications? | Comparing reef status and environmental conditions of sampling pairs from past and present. |
| From sampling WA coral communities from the last interglacial (125 thousand years ago), what were the West Australian coral reefs like 125 thousand years ago? | - sea surface temperatures were 2 to 4˚C warmer - Acroporid corals extended 350‐500 km further south than present day -Luxuriant, diverse coral growth south of Perth! Similar instances of extended reef growth on eastern side of Australia. |
| How have coral species distributions over time? | Seven acroporid species groups had notably extended ranges in Pleistocene times compared to today. |
| What observations from the field of paleoecology suggest changes in species’ range distribuVons may be a common response? | Important reef‐building coral taxa have contracted their geographic ranges in response to sea surface temperature decreases of at least 2˚C since the last interglacial (125 ka) |
| How do changes in a distribution affect the community structure? | Range movements have had a profound effect on regional beta diversity (changes in species diversity) - decrease in beta diversity as tropical-‐adapted corals expand ranges south |
| What is the predicted response to warming? | Certain coral taxa that disVnguish Late Pleistocene from modern reef coral communities are predicted to migrate south in response to predicted global warming. |
| What does this mean for the persistence of reefs? | Range expansions, mostly acroporids, may allow persistence of reefs in the wake of global warming (e.g., in Western Australia, which has a lot of potential submerged habitat available) |
| How can be determine the most appropriate baseline reference and what issues can occur. | Using historical data. We may experience 'Shifting Baseline Syndrome' Eg. Size of fish catch from 1957 to 2007. There is a fundamental mismatch between temporal scales of: 1. observation and management VS 2. environmental and ecological change. |
| What is the relevance of 'Shifting Baseline Syndrome' and the limited observation scales? | - short‐term management without longer‐view context - No ability to detect chronic and cumulative impacts - Uncertainty in attributing ecological changes to human or natural agency - Encouraged equilibrium views of ecosystem dynamics |
Created by:
s4205875
Popular Biology sets