Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is homeostasis important for our body? Examples? | internal stability maintained by the body to help our body regulate a normal internal environment; goosebumps trap heat to keep you warm, sweating releases fever or heat to kill viruses |
| What is the skeletal system composed of? Why is it important? Functions? | bones; provides framework to hold up the body and maintain its shape, protects soft organs and provides attachment sites for muscles; |
| What are bones made of? | dense connective tissue; surrounded by bone matrix which is made of flexible collagen fibers and hard minerals; cartilage cushions ends of bones |
| What is a joint? What types of joints are there? | area where one bone meets another; pivot- rotation around one point (top of backbone) ball and socket- back and forth in 2 directions (hips/shoulders) gliding- bones slide over each other (wrist) hinge- back and forth in a single plane (elbow/knee) |
| movable joint | allow you to bend, twist and turn |
| immovable joints | allow little to no movement |
| Why does our skeletal system have cartilage? | cushions the ends of bones and prevents them from rubbing together |
| 2 common bone disorders? | arthritis- inflammation of the joints osteoporosis- bones become thinner, more porous and easily broken (prevented by consuming large amounts of calcium as a teen) |
| How does this system work with other systems to maintain homeostasis? | The skeletal system works with the muscular system to help our skeleton to move around and be able to change our body's external enviroment |
| Skeletal Muscle | attached to bones of the skeleton; voluntary; many nuclei |
| Cardiac Muscle | make up your heart; one nuclei; involuntary |
| Smooth Muscle | contracts slowly and is found in the walls of internal organs; one nuclei; involuntary |
| What is the structure of a muscle? | muscles are formed in an alternating pattern of thick and thin filaments |
| myosin | thick filaments made of protein |
| actin | thin filaments made of protein |
| sarcomere | section of myosin and actin |
| What is needed for muscles to contract? | energy supplied from the splitting of ATP causing the cross bridge to change shape, myosin attaches to the actin and shortens it |
| What is the Sliding Filament Theory? | during a muscle contraction, myosin filaments form a cross bridge with actin filaments; the cross bridge changes shape and pulls the actin toward the center of the sarcomere |
| Do muscles push, pull or both? | muscles only pull |
| tendons | tough connective tissue that connects skeletal muscle to bones |
| ligaments | hold bones together in a joint |
| Common muscles? | biceps, triceps, pectorals, quads |
| How does this system relate to homeostasis? | muscle spasms create shivers which warm our body when it is cold |
| melanocytes | produce melanin |
| melanin | dark brown pigment that absorbs uv rays |
| sebaceous gland | gland in skin that releases an oil called sebum at the surface to keep it waterproof and flexible |
| hair follicle | tubelike pockets of epidermal cells that extend into the dermis |
| What are the 3 components of the integumentary system? | skin, hair and nails |
| What is skin, hair and nails made out of? | skin- epidermis & dermis hair and nails- keratin |
| What are the structures found in the skin? | sebaceous gland, sweat gland, hair follicle, hair shaft, artery, vein |
| epidermis | deep inside, cells grow and divide rapidly pushing old/dead cells to the surface; melanocytes |
| dermis | supports epidermis and has nerve endings, blood vessels and smooth muscles; sebaceous and sweat glands |
| What is the function of the integumentary system? | protects against infection/injury, regulates body temperature, removes waste, gathers info and produces vitamin D |
| How does the integumentary system maintain homeostasis? | the skin releases heat and waste from the body through pores in the form of sweat and the hair on your scalp helps trap heat in |
| How do you get skin cancer? Different types? | uncontrolled cell growth; benign, squamous, melanoma |
| gametes | sex cell |
| somatic cell | any cell of a living organism other than a sex cell |
| sex chromosome | one of the two chromosomes that determines an individual's sex |
| autosome | chromosome that is not a sec chromosome |
| haploid | a cell that contains only a single set of genes |
| diploid | cell that contains 2 sets of homologous chromosomes |
| What is the end result of mitosis and meiosis? | mitosis- 2 diploid cells meiosis- 4 haploid cells |
| Where does mitosis and meiosis occur? | mitosis- everywhere meiosis- sex organs |
| What are the stages of Meiosis I and II? | Meiosis I- Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Cytokinesis Meiosis II- Prophase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II, Cytokinesis |
| Prophase I | each replicated chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome |
| Metaphase I | paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center of the cell |
| Anaphase I | spindle fibers pull each homologous chromosome pair toward opposite ends of the cell |
| Telophase I | a nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of chromosomes |
| Cytokinesis | forms two new cells |
| Prophase II | the chromosomes (consisting of two chromatids) become visible |
| Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II and Cytokinesis | similar to meiosis I but the result is 4 haploid daughter cells |
| Who is the Father of Genetics? What was his contribution? | Gregor Mendel; developed the theory of inheritance and heredity experimenting with pea plants |
| Law of Segregation | states that allele pairs separate during gamete formation and randomly unite during fertilization |
| Law of Independent Assortment | allele pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes |
| homozygous | organisms that have 2 identical alleles for a particular gene |
| heterozygous | organisms that have 2 different alleles for a particular gene |
| dominant | trait physically shown; upper case letter |
| recessive | trait that's not physically shown; lower case letter |
| gene | what's passed from parent to offspring |
| allele | different forms of gene |
| genotype | genetic makeup |
| phenotype | physical trait |
| monohybrid cross | looks at 1 trait at a time |
| dihybrid cross | looks at 2 traits at a time |
| cell body | contains the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm; largest part |
| dendrites | receive impulses from other neurons and carry them to the cell body |
| axon | long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body |
| central nervous system | consists of the brain and spinal cord; processes information and creates a response which is delivered to the appropriate part of the body |
| peripheral nervous system | consists of nerves and supporting cells; collects info about the body's external and internal environment |
| What are the components of the nervous system and where are they found? | central- brain (head) and spinal cord (back) peripheral- nerves and supporting cells (all over the body) |
| What is the function of a neuron? | transmit nervous system impulses |
| sensory neurons | impulses from sense organs to brain and spinal cord |
| motor neurons | impulses from brain and spinal cord to muscles or other organs from some type of movement |
| interneurons | connect sensory and motor neurons |
| What is an impulse | messages carried by the nervous system; electrical signals |
| 5 Senses? Location and Function? | smell (nose), hear (ears), sight (eyes), taste (tongue), feel (mechanoreceptors/ skin) |
| How does the nervous system work with other systems to maintain homeostasis? | 1st line of defense; sends message if hot to open pores and release sweat (integumentary system); eyes (controlled by the muscular system) turn on light, impulse sent if too bright to contract eye and close it |
Created by:
ninjabunny0
Popular Biology sets