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biology-ecology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ecology | study of interactions among and between organisms and their enviroment |
| species | organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring |
| population | a group of individuals; same species and live in same area |
| community | different populations that live together in a defined area |
| ecosystem | collection of all the organisms that live in a particular area together with a non-living enviroment |
| biome | group of ecosystems; same climate; dominant communities |
| autotroph/producer | use sunlight or chemicals to produce food |
| heterotrophs/consumer | rely on other organisms for energy or food |
| herbivore | eats plants only |
| carnivore | eats meat only |
| omnivore | eats both plants and animals |
| detritivore | feed on plant and animal remains; scavenger |
| decomposers | breaks down organic matter (fungi) |
| food chain | series of steps in which organisma transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
| food web | feeding relationship among various organisms in an ecosystem; complex interactions |
| trophic levels | each step in a food web or chain |
| keystone species | crucial animal, if removed food web collapses |
| ecological pyramid | amount of energy or matter represented |
| 10% rule | about 18% of energy available within a trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level |
| biomass pyramid | total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level |
| pyramid of numbers | number of individuals in a trophic level |
| biogeochemical cycles | matter is passed from one organism to another or from one part of the biosphere |
| greenhouse effect | heat is retained by a layer of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and water vapor) |
| biotic factors | living influences on an organism |
| abiotic factors | nonliving influences on an organism |
| niche | what animal does to survive; job in nature |
| competition | species compete for food, space, and mates |
| predation | when one organism captures and feeds on another |
| competitive exclusion principle | no two species can occupy the same niche |
| symbiosis | relationship in which two organisms live together |
| mutualism | =), =) |
| commensalism | =), = | |
| parasitism | =), =( |
| ecological sucession | series of predictable changes in a community overtime |
| seres | different community or level of succession |
| primary succession | succession where no soil exists |
| climax community | end or final community of succession |
| pioneer species | the first organism in the area like lichens that will break hte rocks down to make soil |
| secondary succession | disturbance of some kind that changes an existing community without removing the soil |
| biomes | a particular physical enviroment that contains characteristic plants and animals |
| freshwater | flowing water, standing water, and wetlands |
| estuaries | where river meets the ocean |
| marine | intertidal, coral reefs, coastal ocean, and open ocean |
| population density | number of individuals per unit area |
| immigration | movement of individuals into an area |
| emigration | movement of individuals out of an area |
| carrying capacity | largest number of individuals that an environment or area can support |
| density-dependent limiting factor | limiting factor that depends on population size (shelter) (disease) (competition) |
| density-independent limiting factor | factors that affect population regardless of size (natural disasters) (seasonal changes) (human activity) |
| renewable resources | can be regenerated |
| nonrenewable resources | can not be replenished |
| sustainable use | way of using resources without depleating them |
| soil erosion | wearing away of surface soil by wind and water |
| deforestation | loss of forests |
| smog/pollutant | mixture of chemicals in the air; harmful material in the air |
| acid rain | gases in the atmosphere that fall to the Earth with rain |
| biodiversity | variety of animals and plants |
| extinction | dying out of a species |
| endangered species | species in danger of extinction |
| biological magnification | concentration of harmful substances increases in organisms at higher trophic levels in food webs |
| invasive species | species new to a habitat and reproduces rapidly |
| exotic species | not indigenous to an area (1/10 survive) |
| ozone depletion | CFC (ozone) |
| global warming | increase in average temperature in biosphere; causes erratic weather patterns |
Created by:
caitlincocuzzo
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