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Biology FinalExam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What question would be able to ask when looking at the bone structures of a fossil? | How do the done structure of the fossil live fish compare to the fish living today? |
| Why is it difficult to keep some mammals alive in captivity? | They are sensitive to slight changes in their habitat. |
| Organsims that are fit, able to reproduce and pass their traits to their offspring will survive. These statements summarizes of the concept of: | natural selection |
| Two frogs are living in a similar environment and resemble each other. How can it be determined that they are members of the same species? | Members of the same species can be interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| If there were two different populations of frogs that were similar but they could not interbreed and produce fertile offspring, yet their DNA was 98% similar, what could be said about their ancestry? | They share a common ancestor |
| Where in an organism would a mutation occur so that a new species can develop over time as a result of environmental pressures and natural selection? | In the gamete of the organism |
| What would be an example of biotechnology that increases a plant’s fitness? | Inserting genes into organisms to produce new characteristics (pest-killing proteins, frost resistance) |
| A type of flower has 3 types of coating on the seeds (think, thin, and brittle). If the climate changes, then the hard seed coatings will endure. What will most likely happen to the seeds of the plants as a result in the change in climate? | Over time, more plants will produce seeds with hard coats. |
| A group of organs that work together to perform a closely related function is | a (an) organ system |
| In which phase does a new nuclear membrane form each new cluster of chromosomes? | telophase |
| What happens to a cell’s surface area and volume as it gets larger? | The volume increases at a faster rate than the surface area |
| In which phase does each chromatid move to separate poles of the cell? | Anaphase |
| What are the phases of interphase? | G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase |
| What is the name given to the processes in which two daughter cells are formed that are exactly like the parent cell? | Mitosis |
| Which phase is not part of mitosis? | Interphase |
| What is two identical strands of the same chromosome called? | A sister chromatid. |
| In which phase do the chromatids line up at the center if the cell? | Metaphase |
| Embryonic stem cells eventually differentiate into many types of cells. This differentiation of embryonic cells is mostly determined by… | Gene expression |
| How do children get sickle cell anemia? | They inherit DNA with a mutation from their parents. |
| Segregation during meiosis contributes to a wide variety of possible offspring from two parents. What is another process that contributes to an increased variation in offspring? | Genetic recombination |
| How would nuclear radiation affect an animal’s sperm cells? | It would affect the future offspring because it would cause a mutation. |
| Which process enables a one-celled fertilized egg to become adult organism with billions of cells? | Mitosis |
| What is an uncontrolled cell division that is cause by a gene mutation? | Cancer |
| A person with blood type O can safely receive a transfusion from a person with blood type… | Only O type |
| A man and a woman each have blood type A. Their child could have blood type… | A or O |
| What is the name of the diagram the geneticists use to represent the possible combinations of alleles in a cross? | Punnett Square |
| In pedigree chart, half-shaded circles or squares represent… | Heterozygous traits |
| A diagram of photographed chromosomes organized in numerical order is a… | Karyotype |
| In pea plants, the expression of tallness of shortness is known as... | Phenotype |
| The characteristics that an organisms receives from its parent are known as… | heredity |
| What is the characteristic that distinguishes one individual from another? | Trait |
| During fertilization, a sperm and egg untie to form a (an)… | zygote |
| What is an offspring of parents with different characteristics called? | Hybrid |
| When pollen from a flower fertilizes egg cells on that same flower, the process is called… | Self pollination |
| The sex chromosomes of a female are… | XX |
| The term gamete is another name of… | Sex Cells |
| The haploid number of chromosomes for a human is… | 23 |
| What is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes? | Crossing-over |
| The homologous pairs of chromosomes in both males and females are called… | autosomes |
| A male who has cells with an extra X chromosomes is said to have… | Klinefelter Syndrome |
| An error that occurs when pieces of chromosome pair fails to separate correctly is… | nondisjunction |
| The condition in which pieces if chromosomes break off and are lost during meiosis is called… | Chromosome Deletion |
| A gene that is located on one of the sex chromosomes is said to be… | sex linked |
| Immediately following cell specialization during embryonic development, cells from one part of a fruit fly embryo are transplanted to a different part of the embryo. How will the transplanted cells grow? | They will continue with normal development |
| The production of proteins that alters a gene that has been passed on to a new born is caused by a: | mutation |
| Compare: Instruction manuals are used to build things like a bike. __________ use messages from DNA to produce proteins…. | There would be an alteration of the sequence of nitrogenous in DNA |
| Where is the genetic information stored in eukaryotic cells? | Nucleus |
| Cytosine always bond with? | Guanine |
| What are the three parts of a nucleotide? | Phosphate group, Nitrogenous base and 5 Carbon sugar |
| The place where proteins are assembled contains | … rRNA |
| The structure of a DNA molecule resembles a … | double helix |
| DNA is copied in a process called … | replication |
| The molecule that transfers amino acids to the ribosome is called | tRNA |
| The molecule that carries out the instructions coded in DNA is … | mRNA |
| Genes are made of … | DNA |
| The language of instructions in DNA and RNA is called … | the genetic code |
| The process by which RNA molecules are made is called … | transcription |
| A man weighs 200 pounds before running on a treadmill. He runs on the treadmill for five minutes and then stops. He weighs himself after his run and saw that he weighed less. What process allows him to lose weight? … | cellular respiration |
| Animal and plant wastes put organic chemicals into the soil. Bacteria converts the organic chemicals into usable ammonium and other organic chemicals. Plants then absorb these products. What cycle is being described? | Nitrogen |
| Which method of generating electricity emits the greatest amount of greenhouse gases? … | coal-fired power plants |
| How does spraying insecticides/pesticides on trees do harm to the environment? … | The chemicals can kill beneficial insects that are important to the ecosystem |
| If an area of land was destroyed by a flood, then what will happen to the land in about 50 years, when the flood is gone? … | The area will experience a slow and gradual change of plant and species until it is similar to before |
| Trapping of re-radiated and reflected heat by carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the cause of … | warming the earth’s atmosphere by the green house effect |
| Looking at a graph of a population over several years, how would you determine if the population had met its carrying capacity? … | It’s where the population levels off |
| Looking at a food web, determine which organism gets the most amount of energy and the least amount… | Plants and decaying material = most ; Territory =least |
| Which factor is the most important in determining the carrying capacity of an environment for a particular species? | Crowding, predation, parasitism, weather |
| How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next? | 10% |
| What type of limiting factors operates on the dense populations rather than on less crowded ones? | density dependent limiting factors |
| What is the relatively stable collection of plants and animals that results from succession | Aimax community |
| What does an increase in the phosphate levels in lakes and ponds do to the levels of oxygen? | It can cause oxygen levels to decrease |
| What is the process by which an existing ecosystem is gradually replaced by another ecosystem? | Ecological succession |
| What does a trophic level in the biosphere refer to | A step in the series of organisms eating other organisms |
| To protect the environment, we must make a shift from using fossil fuels to using renewable energy such as | Solar energy |
| The energy chain from primary producers to herbivores to carnivores is an example of | an ecological pyramid |
| What is zero population growth? … | When the birthrate and death rate are the same |
| What are the density-dependent limiting factors? … | Competition, predation, parasitism, crowding |
| What is an example of an abiotic factor? … | Soil, oxygen, sun, heat |
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