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Chapter 3-MSPM
The movement of substances across the plasma memebrane
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Phospholipid bilayer | Small molecules such as water,oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Carrier protein | A protein molecule that has a shape that fits the shape of a specific molecule so that it can only carry specific molecules |
| Pore protein | A pore made up of protein that provides a passage for a particular solute to pass through |
| Passive transport | A net movement of substances across the semi-permeable memebrane from the region of high to low concentration until the equilibrium is achieved |
| Example of passive transport | Simple diffusion,Osmosis and Facilitated difusssion |
| Simple difussion | Molecules are distributed evenly |
| Substances that move across the plasma membrane through simple difussion | Small uncharged molecules(oxygen,carbon dioxide),Vitamins A,D,E,K |
| Osmosis | Water molecules moves from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration |
| Example of osmosis | Absorption of water by root hairs in plants |
| Facilitated difussion | Carrier and pore protein |
| Carrier protein(FD) | Large uncharged molecules(glucose and amino acids) |
| Pore protein(FD) | Small charged molecules such as mineral ions |
| Active transport | Active transport is the net movement of substances across the semi-permeable plasma membrane from the region of low to high concentration until the equilibrium is achieved with the help of ATP energy |
| Example active transport | Sodium ions through carrier protein |
| Hypotonic(plants) | Immersed in distilled water.Vacuole gains water.expand and exert pressure.This pressure is called turgor pressure.Plant cell become turgid(very firm). |
| Hypertonic(plants) | Immersed in 30% sucrose solution.Water is lost from vacuole and cytoplasm.Vacuole shrinks and become smaller.Cytoplasm and plasma membrane is pulled away from the cell wall.Plant cell loses water and become flaccid.This process is called plasmolysis |
| Isotonic(plants) | Immersed in 5% sucrose solution.Water flows across the membrane at the same rate in both direction. |
| Hypotonic(animal) | Red blood cell immersed in distilled water.Red blood cell gains water and swell and finally burst becauese they have no cell wall.This process is called haemolysis. |
| Hypertonic(animal) | Immersed in 4% sodium chloride solution.Water diffuse out and water is rapidly lost.The red blood cells shrivel and die.This process is called crenation. |
| Isotonic(animal) | Immersed in 0.85% sodium chloride solution.Water flow across the membrane at the same rate in both direction. |
Created by:
NathalieCJ7
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