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CHS Bio Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In an experiment, plants were exposed to soils with different pH levels and different temperatures. They were exposed to the same amount of light. Which variables were being tested? | pH & temperature |
| subject not exposed to treatment so that it can be compared with experimental groups | control |
| Why is it necessary to have a control in an experiment? | To determine how the independent variable affects the dependent variable |
| A preference toward a result in an experiment | bias |
| What lab equipment is needed to heat 20 mL of water to 100 degrees Celsius? | graduated cylinder, safety goggles, thermometer |
| If a bear is 20,000 times taller than a cell, what would be the size of the cell compared to the bear? | 2.0 x 10^-4 |
| If one strand of DNA contains the base sequence "CTA", what would the complementary strand contain? | GAT |
| Which organelles is involved in protein synthesis? | ribosome |
| What process replaces old skin cells in our bodies? | mitosis |
| Sexual reproduction, meiosis, and fertilization are advantageous to a species survival because it results in... | genetic variation |
| If a tall plant and short plant were crossed and all the offspring were tall, what do the results show about the parents? | One parent homozygous dominant (tall), one parent homozygous recessive (short) |
| If a tall plant and short plant were crossed and all the offspring were tall, what do the results show about the offspring? | All heterozygous |
| In Oompa Loompas, having an orange face is dominant to a blue face. If two homozygous dominant Oompa Loompas have 8 children, how many will have orange faces? | 8 children (OO x OO)= OO |
| If two black dogs were mated and some puppies were black and some were white, what were the genotypes for the parents? | Bb x Bb = BB, Bb, bb |
| If bacteria contain a gene that makes them resistant to an antibiotic, how does this affect the offspring? | Offspring will also be resistant |
| In prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes may exchange genetic material. What is this called? | crossing over |
| What is the result of crossing over? | genetic variation |
| If a protein stops cells from dividing, which cell process does it affect? | mitosis |
| If an amoeba reproduces by binary fission, how would the DNA in the new cells compare to the original amoeba and to each other? | identical (clone) |
| During which process are chromosomes separated for cell division? | mitosis (anaphase) |
| Which genotypes would result in a 3:1 ratio for the offspring? | Aa x Aa |
| Which genotypes would result in a 1:1 ratio for the offspring? | Aa x aa |
| Any error that changes base pair sequences in DNA is a(n) __________. | mutation |
| Why do mutations in gametes affect future offspring? | That is the DNA that is contributed to the offspring |
| What is it called when a gene is removed from one species's DNA and inserted into another species's DNA? | recombinant DNA (gene splicing) |
| An identical copy of an individual is a _____. | clone |
| If a gene is mutated, how does this affect the protein coded for by the gene? | Protein is also changed |
| Using gel electrophoresis, how can you determine which two organisms are most closely related? | Most number of DNA fragments in common |
| Gene splicing, recombinant DNA, and cloning are all examples of ______________________. | genetic engineering |
| Why are identical twins considered clones? | they have identical DNA |
| Difference among individuals in a population | variation |
| A favorable variation that aids in survival | adaptation |
| A change in a population over time | evolution |
| The process by which members of a population survive and reproduce | natural selection |
| If several animals are studied and they have similar amino acid sequences, homologous structures, and embryos, what does this suggest? | Closely related |
| When reading a cladogram, how can you tell which two species are most closely related? | closely branched |
| What happens to a species when it is no longer successful in its environment? | extinct |
| How does DNA or amino acid comparison show relatedness among species? | fewer differences, more closely related |
| When are variations most likely to be passed to future generation? | When they are favorable (adaptations) |
| A series of changes that take place in an ecosystem over time | succession |
| Give an example of a disturbance that might lead to succession. | Forest fire, volcanic eruption |
| Where is the greatest amount of energy and biomass on an energy pyramid? | Bottom (producers) |
| An organism that only eats producers (autotrophs) | Herbivore |
| An organism that only eats consumers (heterotrophs) | carnivore |
| In a food chain, in which direction do the arrows point? | In the direction the energy is flowing (to the consumer) |
| What happens to the rate of photosynthesis in aquatic plants as water depth increases? | decreases |
| Which structures would be absent in prokaryotes | nucleus, membrane-bound organlles (mitochondria, chloroplasts, etc.) |
| Which kindgoms contain prokaryotes? | Archaebacteria & eubacteria |
| Which kingdom contains eukaryotic, multicellular autotrophs with cell walls? | Plants |
| Which kingdom contains eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophs with cell walls? | fungi |
| Which kingdom contains eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophs without cell walls? | animals |
| Symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit | mutualism |
| Symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and one is harmed | parasitism |
| Symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and one is unaffected | commensalism |
| Interaction in which one organism hunts and feeds on another | predator-prey |
| Living variables in an ecosystem | biotic factor |
| Nonliving variables in an ecosystem | abiotic factor |
| Where would you find decomposers on a food web? | At every level |
| Why are decomposers and scavengers necessary for a healthy ecosystem? | Recycle nutrients |
| Which organism is a key part of the nitrogen cycle, for nitrogen fixation and denitrification? | bacteria |
| Why does a food pyramid/energy pyramid have the pyramid shape? | Energy and biomass decrease at each trophic level |
| What are the characteristics of a stable ecosystem? | biodiversity, little to no change |
| In an ecosystem, matter is __________. | cycles |
| In an ecosystem, energy is __________. | transferred (one-way) |
| *HONORS* What is coded from DNA to take the protein instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome? | mRNA |
| *HONORS* What determines the types of enzymes that a cell produces? | Order of DNA bases |
| *HONORS* Which genotypes would result in a 9:3:3:1 ratio for the offspring? | AaBb x AaBb |
| *HONORS* If there is a mutation in a skin cell, how does this affect the individual? | Any cells made from that cell will have the mutation |
| *HONORS* If there is a mutation in a skin cell, how does this affect the offspring? | unaffected (will not have mutation) |
| *HONORS* Why is recombinant DNA possible? | genetic code is universal |
| *HONORS* When humans breed organisms for certain traits (example: breeds of dogs) | Artificial selection |
| *HONORS* Descendents of a common ancestor have slightly changed over time due to natural selection | descent with modification |
| *HONORS* Originally organisms were classified based on physical similarities. Why are scientists reworking this classification system? | New evidence with DNA |
| *HONORS* If two populations are separated by a physical barrier, what will probably happen over a period of time? | Speciation (become separate species) |
| *HONORS* How does variation benefit a population? | More likely that some individuals will survive in environmental change |
| *HONORS* Organisms that can interbreed and produce viable fertile offspring | Species |
| *HONORS* How does genetic variation lead to natural selection? | Some variations better adapted to environment; those organisms survive, reproduce, and pass on those traits |
| *HONORS* When toxins enter a food chain, they become more concentrated at each trophic level | biological magnification |
| *HONORS* What happens when two species share the same niche? | competition |
| *HONORS* Which organisms require carbon dioxide for life processes? | plants (photosynthesis) |
| *HONORS* Variety of species in an environment | biodiversity |
| *HONORS* What happens if a new species enters a community and experiences overpopulation? | Other species die out/move |
| *HONORS* Which structures would be present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? | DNA (genetic material), ribosomes, cell membrane |
Created by:
kgunter
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