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Ms Shaw Biology Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Theory | An explanation for a set of observations |
| Bias | A particular point of view that is personal |
| DNA | The molecule in which all organisms store their genetic code |
| Sexual reproduction | Two sex cells come together |
| Asexual Reproduction | A single organism produces offspring identical to itself |
| Homeostasis | The stable internal environment that all organisms maintain |
| Metabolism | The combination of chemical reactions that builds up or breaks down materials |
| Biosphere | All forms of life on Earth |
| Independent Variable | The variable that is deliberately changed |
| Dependent Variable | Variable that is observed that changes in response to the independent variable |
| Controlled Experiment | An experiment in which only one variable is changed |
| Control Group | Exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group except for one independent variable |
| Observation | The act of noticing and describing events |
| Inference | To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. |
| Hypothesis | A testable prediction |
| Cell membrane | Separates the cell's contents from its environment |
| Cytoplasm | Semi solid substance made of water and organic compounds |
| Cytoskeleton | Gives support,shape, transports materials around the cell |
| Nucleus | Contains most of the cell's genetic material |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Makes proteins and lipids |
| Golgi apparatus | Sorts, modifies, packages, and transport molecules |
| Ribosomes | Makes proteins |
| Mitochondria | Changes energy stored in food to useful energy |
| vacuole | Stores water |
| Lysosomes | Contains digestive enzymes that break down large molecules |
| Cell Wall | Rigid outer covering for protection and shape |
| Hydrophilic | Water-loving |
| Diffusion | The movement of molecules from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| Equilibrium | An equal concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane |
| Facilitated diffusion | Molecules pass through protein channels in order to travel through the lipid by layer of the cell membrane |
| Active transport | Moving molecules to create a higher concentration on one side of the cell membrane |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in order to equalize the concentration of a certain molecule on both sides of the membrane |
| Concentration | The mass of molecule ÷ volume of water |
| Cell Division | Process by which a cell divides into a new daughter cell |
| Chromosome | Threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information |
| cytokinesis | process by which the cell cytoplasm divides |
| Interphase | Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions |
| Centromere | Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach |
| chromatid | One of two identical sister parts of a duplicated chromosome |
| Hydrophobic | Water-fearing |
| Apoptosis | Process programmed cell death |
| Cancer | Disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth. |
| Tumor | Mass of rapidly dividing cell that can damage the surrounding tissue |
| Embryo | Developing stage of a multicellular organism |
| differentiation | A process in which cells become specialized in structure and function |
| Stem Cell | Unspecialized cell that can give rise to one of more types of specialized cells |
| Totipotent | Cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body |
| pluripotent | Cappible of developing into most, but not all, of the body's cell types |
| Multipotent | Cells with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells |
| Homozygous | Having two of the same allele |
| Phenotype | Describes what physical traits you have |
| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a particular gene |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism |
| Binomial Nomenclature | Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name |
| Genus | Group of closely related species |
| Taxon | Group or level of organization into which organisms are classified |
| Phylogeny | The evolutionary history of an image |
| Clade | Evolutionary branch of a cladogram that a single ancestor and all descendants |
| Cladogram | Diagram depicting pattern of shared characteristics among species |
| Derived Character | Trait that appears in recent part of a lineage |
| Domain | A larger, more inclusive taxomic category than a kingdom |
| Bacteria | Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan |
| Archaea | Domain consisting of unicellular prokaryotes that do not contain peptidoglycan |
| Eukarya | Domain consisting of all organisms that have a nucleus |
| Monomer | Small chemical unit |
| Polymer | Molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules |
| Activation Energy | Energy that is needed to get a reaction started |
| Catalyst | A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| Enzyme | A catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions |
| Segregation | Separation of alleles during gamete formation |
| Gamete | Sex Cell |
| Data | Evidence |
| Blastocyst | Stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells |
| Fertilization | Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
| Gene | Squence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
| Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene |
Created by:
joroad
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