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biologyspringfinal
review questions for final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are plants considered in terms of energy intake? Autotrophs, heterotrophs, or decomposers? | Autotrophs |
| What are angiosperms? | Flowering plants that may be monocots or dicots. |
| What are gymnosperms? | "naked" plants with pine cones. |
| What are the parts of a flower? | Stamen(anther & filament), petal, sepal, ovary, pistil(pistil, style, ovary, ovules) |
| What is vascular tissue and what does it do? | Consists of xylem and phloem, conducts water and minerals to parts of plants and provides support for plants to grow upright. |
| What is included in the cross section of a leaf? | stomata, waxy cuticle,palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, epidermis, stoma, and guard cell |
| What is the formula for photosynthesis? | Water + sunlight-> sugar and oxygen |
| What is the formula for respiration? | oxygen + sugar-> energy, water, and carbon dioxide |
| Vertebrate Kingdom? Phyla? Subphyla? | Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrates |
| What are the differences between endotherms and ectotherms? | Endotherms produce their own body heat while ectotherms must rely on other sources of heat to keep body temperatures warm. |
| What is the difference between internal fertilization and external fertilization? | Internal fertilization is most prevalent among land animals that lay eggs and animals that give live birth, while external fertilization takes place among fish and many aquatic species. |
| What is the difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction? | Asexual reproduction does not require two organisms, does not have variation, and does not involve gametes, while sexual reproduction involves two organisms, has variation, and involves gametes. |
| What are the 5 major classes of vertebrates? | fish, amphibians, reptile, bird, mammals |
| What are 8 different phyla of invertebrates? | porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda, annelida, mollusca, arthropoda, echinodermata |
| What are 3 types of symmetry in animals? | bilateral (one line of symmetry), radial(can be cut in half), and asymmetrical(no symmetry) |
| What is the system of classification and who developed the current system? | Kingdom, Phyla, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species ;Carolus Linnaeus |
| How are organisms classified? | By how they look, they are put into groups with similar looking organisms. |
| How do we give organisms scientific names and why do we give them? | italicized, genus followed by species name; it helps scientists talk about them with other scientists |
| What is the purpose of a Classification Key? | To narrow down classifying roles by similar characteristics until a common group is found. |
| What is the main concept of "survival of the fittest?" | The most adapted and healthiest of organisms pass on their genetic info and 'survive' while the others die off. |
| What is speciation? | Where one species breaks off into many E.g. when they become divided geographically and evolve separately |
| What is convergent evolution? | Where two different species in similar conditions evolve with similar adaptations and characteristics to become more alike. |
| Why do we get natural variation? | When mutations or sexual reproduction between two non-identical organisms occur, we get a range of differences in a species. |
| What is the bottle-neck effect? | When the growth or sustainability of a species is limited, sometimes drastically. Perhaps by a natural disaster or natural causes. |
| What is punctuated equilibrium? | A hypotheses that explains how rapid speciation occurs in between periods of little to no change. |
| What are vestigial structures? | Parts of an organism that have seemingly no function but may be there from past forms of the organism before evolution. |
| What is gradualism? | The hypothesis that states organisms evolve and change gradually instead of rapidly. |
| What is a gene pool? | A collection of different genes between interbreeding species. |
| What happens during "crossing-over?" | two homologous chromosomes trade pieces, allowing more genetic variation in the offspring. |
Created by:
summermorrison21
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