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Ecology (ecosystems)
practice key vocabulary about ecosystems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| portion of the earth where all life exists | biosphere |
| study of how organisms interact with each other and the environment | ecology |
| all of the individuals of the same species that live in a given area | population |
| area where an organisms lives | habitat |
| a group of interacting populations | community |
| communities and the physical environment | ecosystem |
| interactions and roles an organisms plays; related to food, shelter, reproduction | niche |
| occurs when two organisms occupy the same niche | competition |
| non-living factors and their influence on organisms | abiotic |
| living factors and their influence on organisms | biotic |
| large group of similar ecosystems and communities | biome |
| source of nitrogen for plants | nitrates |
| source of nitrogen for animals | plants and animals |
| process that removes carbon dioxide from the air and adds oxygen | photosynthesis |
| process that adds carbon dioxide to the air and removes oxygen | respiration |
| process by which plants release water vapor | transpiration |
| water returning to the earth's surface | precipitation |
| water turning to water vapor (gas) | evaporation |
| water vapor turning into droplets of water | condensation |
| variety of life and the number of different species within a given region; creates stability; increases chance of survival | biodiversity |
| make own food; producers | autotrophs |
| must find food; consumers | heterotrophs |
| autotrophs that can convert light energy into usable energy to be passed through a food chain/web | producer |
| breakes down dead organisms, animal wastes; recycles nutrients by converting them to inorganics | decomposers |
| ingests other organisms | consumer |
| consumer that eats plants | herbivore |
| consumer that eats other animals | carnivore |
| carnivore that hunts for food | predator |
| carnivore that finds dead animals | scavenger |
| consumer that eats plants and animals | omnivore |
| organism that is hunted by predators | prey |
| shows energy relationships in a linear way | food chain |
| multiple food chains connected at many points | food web |
| number of organims at each trophic level | biomass |
| maximum number of individual species an environment can support | carrying capacity |
| materials that regulate the number of individuals in an environment; energy, food, water, etc. | limiting factor |
| long term association between members of different species | symbiotic relationship |
| both organisms benefit form a symbiotic relationship | mutualism |
| one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed or helped in a symbiotic relationship | commensialism |
| one organism benefits and the other is harmed | parisitism |
| the organism a parasite is feeding off of | host |
| change in ecosystems usually related to the amount and types of plants | succession |
| first organisms that inhabit a lifeless area; bacteria, fungi, lichens | pioneer organisms |
| type of succession in which soil must be formed | primary |
| type of succession in which soil has been made, but the community may have been upset by a catastrophic event or human involvement; usually faster | secondary |
Created by:
aeckert
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