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cytoskeleton
Chapter notes Part A: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the largest of the cytoskeletel elements | microtubules (MTs) |
| Two general groups of microtubules in eukaryote cells | axonemal microtubules and cytoplasmic microtubules |
| the first group of microtubules includes the highly organized, stable microtubules found in specific subcellular structures associated with cellular movement, including cilia, flagella, and the basal bodies to which these appendages are attached. | axonemal microtubules |
| the central shaft or what, of a cilium or flagellum consists of a highly ordered bundle of axonemal MTs and associated proteins | axoneme |
| what were the first of the two groups of microtubules to be studied | axonemal MTs |
| Name a axonemal microtubule | axoneme of the sperm tail |
| what microtubules are responsible for maintaind axons, nerve cell extensions and govern the orientation with which cellulose microfibrils are deposited during the growth of cell walls in plants | clytoplasmic microtubules |
| wwhat microtubules form the mitotic and meiotic spindles that are essential for the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis | cytoplasmic MTs |
| what microtubules contribute to the spatial disposition and directional movement of vesicles and other organelles by providing an organized system of fibers to guide their movement | cytoplasmic microtubules |
| which microtubules help govern the location of organelles, and are involved in active movement of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi complex | cytoplasmic microtubules |
| structure of microtubules | hollow tube with a wall consisting of 13 protofilaments |
| diameter of microtubules | ourter: 25nm, inner: 15nm |
| monomers of microtubules | a-subunits, b-subunits |
| polarity of microtubules | (+), (-) ends |
| functions of axonemal microtubules | cell motility |
| function of cytoplasmic microtubule | organization and maintenance of animal cell shape, chromosome movements, disposition and movement of organelles |
| structure of microfilaments | two intertwined chains of F-actin |
| diameter of microfilaments | 7nm |
| monomers of microfilaments | G-actin |
| polarity of microfilaments | (+), (-) ends |
| functions of microfilaments | muscle contraction, amoeboid movement,cell locomotion, cytoplasmic streaming, cell division, maintenance of animal cell shape |
| structure of intermediate filaments | eight protofilaments joined end-to-end with staggered overlaps |
| diameter of intermediate filaments | 8-12 nm |
| monomers of intermediate filaments | several proteins |
| polarity of intermediate filaments | no known polarity |
| functions of intermediate filaments | structural support, maintenance of animal cell shape, formation of nuclear lamina and scaffolding, strengthening of nerve cell axons (NFprotein), keeping muscle fibers in register (desmin) |
| The microtubule wall consists of logitudinal arrays of linear polymers called | protofilaments |
| how many protofilaments are in microtubules | 13 protofilaments, arranged side by side around the hollow center, or lumen |
| the basic subunit of a protofilament of a microtubule is a | heterodimer of the protein tubulin |
| the heterodimers that form the bulk of protofilaments are composed of | one molecule of a-tubulin and one molecule of B-tubulin |
Created by:
cherlynnbass
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