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Biology Chapter 10

final review

TermDefinition
gamete male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs
zygote diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg
allele alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait
phenotype outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes
genotype combination of genes in an organism
homozygous when there are two identical alleles for a trait
heterozygous when there are two different alleles for a trait
punnett square diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment
law of independent assortment Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
diploid cell with two of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a diploid, or 2n, number of chromosomes
haploid cell with one of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a haploid, or n, number of chromosomes
meiosis type of cell division where one body cell produces four gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent's body cell
nonsister chromatid either of the two chromatids of any of the paired homologous chromosomes
crossing over exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids form homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis; results in new allele combinations.
nondisjuntion failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis; results in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes
genetic recombination major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis
homologous chromosome paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order
Created by: mpiontek
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