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Cells and Heredity

Vocab for Chapter 3

TermDefinition
heredity Is the passing of physical characteristics form parents to offspring.
trait Is a different from of a characteristic.
genetics Is the scientific study of heredity.
fertilization Is when a new organism begins to form when egg and sperm join.
purebred Is a organism that is the offspring of many generations that have th same trait.
gene Is the word scientists use to name the factors that control a trait.
allele Are different forms of a gene.
dominant allele Is one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
recessive allele Is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present.
hybrid Is a organism that has two different alleles for a trait.
probabilty Is the use of principles to predict the results of a particular event.
Punnett square Is a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
phenotype Is the physical or visible traits.
genotype Is the genetic makeup or allele combinations.
homozygous Is when an organism has two identical alleles for a trait.
heterozygous Is when an organism has two different alleles for a trait.
codominance Is the inheritance pattern, alleles are neither dominant or recessive. Both alleles are expressed in the offspring.
Meiosis Is the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells―sperm and egg.
messenger RNA It copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus, and carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.
transfer RNA It carries amino acids to the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein.
Created by: brendanlittle
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