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Biology Final#4
Ecology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Distinguish between biotic and abiotic factors and give an example of each | 1) Biotic - living (example: grass, bacteria, fish, etc.) 2) Abiotic - non-living (example: pH, temperature, rocks, soil, water, chemicals) |
| What is the main source of energy for all life? | Sun |
| Why are producers important to an ecosystem? | Producers convert energy from sun to form (sugars-glucose) that organisms can use |
| What is the role of producers? | no producers = no life |
| What is the difference between a food chain and a food web? | 1) food chain - one pathway of energy 2) food web - all food chains in an ecosystem |
| Construct a food chain for the following organisms: insects, leaves, hawk, sparrow | leaves --> insects --> sparrow --> hawk producer 1st level 2nd level 3rd level consumer consumer consumer |
| About how much energy is transferred from one trophic to the next trophic level? | 10 % |
| The energy released at each trophic level of the energy pyramid is usually released in what form? | heat |
| Does matter cycle or flow through and ecosystem? | Matter cycles; no new atoms |
| Does energy cycle or flow through an ecosystem? | Energy flows; constant input needed from sun) |
| Give at least three examples of human activities that upset the balance of a stable ecosystem | 1) Habitat destruction; pollution, deforestation 2) Climate change; warming, drought |
| Which compound is released by the burning of fossil fuels that scientists explain is the leading cause of climate change today? | CO2 (fossil fuel burning produces CO2) |
| List three factors that affect population growth | 1) immigration 2) Emmigration 3) Birth rate 4) Death rate |
| Compare exponential growth and logistical growth (see study guide for graph) | 1) exponential growth has unlimited resources 2) logistic growth reaches carrying capacity |
| Define carrying capacity | maximum population that an environment can support over a long period of time |
| Define population density | number of individuals per unit area |
| Define and give example of density-independent limiting factors | limits population no matter what density is (ex.: fire, flood, natural disaster, etc.) |
| Define and give example of density - dependent limiting factors | becomes limiting as population increases (ex.: amount of food, living space, disease, etc) |
| How do predator/prey relations impact an ecosystem? | balance; population in equilibrium |
| What impact do invasive species have on the ecosystem they invade? | reduce resources of native species |
| What is biodiversity and why is it important? | total of all genetically based variation in all organisms |
| What are some factors that contribute to species extinction? | pollution, invasive species, hunting/poaching, habitat destruction, fracmentation |
| Define how Producers get nutrients and energy to carry out all their life functions | capture sun energy |
| Define how Consumers get nutrients and energy to carry out all their life functions | use glucose - get from eating cellular respiration -->ATD (NOTE: Producers do this too!) |
| Define how Decomposers get nutrients and energy to carry out all their life functions | get energy from dead material (leaves, dead animals, etc.) |
Created by:
cefreeze
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