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Biology Final#2

Genetics

QuestionAnswer
Explain the Principle of Dominance (Mendel) some alleles are dominant, some are recessive
Explain the Principle of Segregation Every parent passes at random one allele for every trait to offspring
Explain the Principle of Independent Assortment Traits are inherited independently of each other -if they are on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome
How many alleles does an individual carry for a trait? 2
What is the relationship between the following terms: gene, trait, DNA? Gene= segment of DNA that codes for a protein that causes a form of a trait
In humans, free earlobes (F) are dominant to attached earlobes (f). What is the genotype of a person who is HOMOZYGOUS for FREE earlobes? FF
In humans, free earlobes (F) are dominant to attached earlobes (f). What is the genotype of a person who is HETEROZYGOUS for FREE earlobes? Ff
In humans, free earlobes (F) are dominant to attached earlobes (f). What is the genotype of a person who is HOMOZYGOUS for ATTACHED earlobes? ff
What is an incomplete dominance? Example: (red+white=pink) Blend
What is codominance? Example: (red+white = red+white) Both
What is polygenic inheritance and how can you tell by looking at a population graph? (show graph) Many genes cause a trait (height, color, etc.)
Blood type is an example of what type of inheritance pattern? multiple alleles
What are the possible gametes for a person who has BbTt genotypes? BT, Bt, bT, bt
Which parent determines the sex of the child? Why? Father - sperm carry X or Y chromosome that determines the sex
Free earlobes is an autosomal dominant trait and attached earlobes are recessive. What is the genotype of a carrier? heterogenous Ff
Why do females show recessive sex-linked traits less often than males? males only get one X chromosome, so if they get a recessive allele on X that is their pheonotype
Distinguish between autosomes and sex-chromosomes 1-22=autosomes (male and female the same) XY = sex chromosomes (XX =female & XY = male)
What is the sex chromosome combination of a normal male? XY = male
What is the sex chromosome combination of a normal female? XX = female
What is a pedigree? (Be sure you can analyze pedigrees) Genetic family tree
Created by: cefreeze
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