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Micro Final 2013
Tables from Dr Taylor's handout for the cumulative final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Etiology of Clostridial myonecrosis | Clostridium perfringens |
| Characteristics of Clostridium perfringens | Gram + rod, anaerobic |
| 3 etiologies of Folliculitis | Staph aureus, Staph epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Characteristics of Staph aureus | Gram + clumps of cocci, facultatively anaerobic, catalase +, coagulase + |
| Characteristics of Staph epidermidis | Gram + clumps of cocci, facultatively anaerobic, catalase +, coagulase - |
| Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Gram - rod, aerobic |
| 2 etiologies of Impetigo | Staph aureus, Strep pyogenes |
| Characteristics of Strep pyogenes | Gram +, chains of coccus, facultatively anaerobic, beta-hemolytic, GAS |
| Etiology of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome | Staph aureus |
| 2 etiologies of Ringworm | Microsporum, Tichophyton |
| Characteristics of Staph aureus - in relation to Scaled skin | Gram + clumps of cocci, facultatively anaerobic, catalase +, coagulase +, Nikolsky's Sign |
| Etiology of Acute Epiglottitis | Haemophilus influenza b |
| Characteristics of Haemophilus influenza b | Gram - rod, facultatively anaerobic, X & V factors, Hib, capsule |
| 3 etiologies of Otitis media | Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis |
| Characteristics of Strep pneumoniae | Gram+ diplococcus, facultatively anaerobic, encapsulated |
| Characteristics of Moraxella catarrhalis | Gram- diplococcus, aerobic |
| 2 etiologies of otitis externa | Pseudomonas influenza, Staph aureus |
| Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in regards to otitis externa | Gram - rod, aerobic, encapsulated |
| Characteristics of Staph aureus | Gram + clumps of cocci, facultatively anaerobic, catalase +, coagulase + |
| 2 etiologies of Sinusitis | Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae |
| 2 etiologies of Acute bronchitis (viral) | corona viruses, rhino viruses |
| 3 etiologies of Chronic bronchitis (bacterial) | Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilys influenzae, Mycoplasma |
| Characteristics of Mycoplasma | pleomorphic, aerobic, cell wall-less |
| Etiology of Bronchiolitis | Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) |
| Key words for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) | Syncytium, LRT in fall/winter |
| Etiology of pertussis | Bordatella pertussis |
| Characteristics of Bordatella pertussis | Gram- coccobacilli, aerobic, Whooping cough, high-pitched whoop |
| 5 etiologies of bacterial pneumonia | Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma, Chlamidophila spp., Moraxella chatarrhalis |
| Characteristics of Chlamidophila spp. | Alternating EB --> RB C. psittaci: parrot breeder |
| 6 etiologies of endocarditis | Viridans streptococci, Staph aureus, Staph epidermidis, Strep pneumoniae, E. coli, Enterococcus |
| Characteristics of Viridans streptococci | Gram+ chains of coccus, facultatively anaerobic, alpha-hemolytic |
| Characteristics of E. coli | Gram- rod, facultatively anaerobic, Lactose+ |
| Characteristics of Enterococcus | Gram+ coccus, facultatively anaerobic, GDS |
| 4 etiologies of Pericarditis | Strep pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, HSV, CMV |
| Characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Gram indeterminant - acid-fast, rod, aerobic |
| Etiology of cholera | Vibrio cholerae |
| Characteristics of Vibrio cholerae | Gram- vibrio, facultatively anaerobic, rice water stool, comma-shaped, shellfish, A-B toxin, NATIONALLY NOTIFIABLE |
| Etiology of Salmonellosis | Salmonella |
| Characteristics of Salmonella | Gram- rod, facultatively anaerobic, lactose-, dairy foods, motile, raw eggs, chicken, NATIONALLY NOTIFIABLE |
| Etiology of Bacillary dysentery | Shigella spp. |
| Characteristics of Shigella spp. | Gram- rod, facultatively anaerobic, lactose-, "watery/bloody diarrhea", shiga toxin |
| Characteristics of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) | Hepatovirus, ssRNA, Fecal-oral, incubation 2-4weeks, no carrier state |
| Characteristics of Hepatitis B (HBV) | Hepadnavirus, dsDNA, Blood-borne, sexual, incubation 6wks-6mo, carriage associated w/liver cancer |
| Characteristics of Heptatitis C (HCV) | Flavavirus, ssRNA, blood-borne, incubation 2mo, carriage associated w/liver cancer |
| Characteristics of Hepatitis D (HDV) | Deltavirus, ssRNA, from blood, incubation 2-12weeks, NEEDS CONCURRENT HBV INFECTION |
| Characteristics of Hepatitis E (HEV) | Calcivirus, ssRNA, Fecal-oral, incubation 6-8weeks, Common in Far East (not a big concern in US), no carrier state |
| Etiology of Yellow Fever, and its characteristics | Flavivirus, ssRNA, carrier is mosquito, no person-to-person spread, no carrier state, incubation period 3-6days |
| Symptoms of EPEC | Watery & sometimes bloody diarrhea, no fever, some inflammation |
| Transmission of EPEC | contaminated drinking water & some meat products |
| Key notes about EPEC | Attaching & effacing histopathological features & aggregation of polarized actin w/pedestal formation at the site of attachment |
| Symptoms of EHEC | HUS, profuse bloody diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, intense inflammation, O157:H7 |
| Transmission of EHEC | food-and water-borne |
| Key notes about EHEC | Attaching & effacing histopathological features & aggregation of polarized actin w/pedestal formation at the site of attachment, +Shiga toxin production, O157:H7 |
| Symptoms of EIEC | dysentery-like diarrhea, severe inflammation & ulceration of large bowel, fever |
| Transmission of EIEC | water-borne (usually seen in children in areas w/poor sanitation) |
| Key notes about EIEC | (usually seen in children in areas w/poor sanitation), invates M cells by using non-fimbrial adhesins to access coloncytes, no toxin production |
| Symptoms of ETEC | profuse watery diarrhea in infants and travelers, no inflammation, no fever |
| Transmission of ETEC | Water-borne |
| Key notes about ETEC | Toxin producer |
| Symptoms of EAEC | persistent non-bloody diarrhea in young children w/no fever and no accompanying inflammation |
| Transmission of EAEC | water-borne |
| Symptoms of DAEC | Traveler's diarrhea, watery |
| Transmission of DAEC | Water-borne |
| Key notes about DAEC | diffusely adheres to epithelial cells |
| Symptoms of CDEC | profuse watery diarrhea in infants and travelers, no inflammation, no fever |
| Transmission of CDEC | water-borne |
| Characteristics of Lactobacillus (AKA "Doderlein's acilli") | Gram+, facultatively anaerobic rod, capable of lactic acid fermentation |
| Characteristics of Ureaplasma | Cell wall-less, pleomorphic, very small (<1mm), urease+ |
| Characteristics of Bacteroides | Gram-, non-endospore-forming, anaerobic rod |
| 7 etiologies of bacterial UTIs | E. coli, Staph aureus, Staph saprophyticus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Characteristics of E. coli | Gram- rod, facultatively anaerobic, lactose+ |
| Characteristics of Staph aureus | Gram+ clumps of coccus, facultatively anaerobic, coagulase+, catalase+ |
| Characteristics of Staph saprophyticus | Gram+ clumps of coccus, facultatively anaerobic, catalase+, coagulase-, sexually-active females in teens and early-mid 20's |
| Characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Gram indeterminant - acid-fast, rod, aerobic |
| Characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae | Gram- rod, facultatively anaerobic, Lactose+ |
| Characteristics of Enterococcus | Gram+ coccus, facultatively anaerobic, GDS |
| Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Gram- rod, aerobic, nosocomial, opportunistic |
| Etiology of viral UTI | Human Polyoma Virus (JC, BK) |
| Etiology of Syphilis | Treponema pallidum |
| Characteristics of Treponema pallidum | Gram- spirochete, aerobic, poorly staining, highly motile |
| Etiology of Gonorrhoea | Nisseria gonorrhoeae |
| Characteristics of Nisseria gonorrhoeae | Gram- diplococcus, aerobic |
| Etiology of Genital warts/cervical cancer | Human Papilloma Virus - 6, 11, 16, 18 (HPV) |
| Characteristics of HPV | Genital warts: strains 6 & 11 (low risk) Cervical cancer: strains 16 & 18 (high risk) |
| Etiology of Chlamydiosis | Chlamydia trachomatis D-K |
| Characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis D-K | Gram indeterminant, ovoid/small morphology, facultatively anaerobic/strict aerobe, alternating EB --> RB forms |
| 9 etiologies of CNS infections - brain abscesses and encephalitis | Staph aureus, Haemophilus spp, Cryptococcus neoformans, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Enterobactericeae, HSV, Arbovirus, Enterovirus |
| Characteristics of Staph aureus | Gram+ clumps of coccus, facultativey anaerobic, catalase+, coagulase+ |
| Characteristics of Haemophilus spp | Gram- coccobacillus, generally facultativey anaerobic, fastidious, catalase+, oxidase+ |
| Characteristics of Cryptococcus neoformans | encapsulated yeast |
| Characteristics Bacteroides | Gram- rod, anaerobic (essential normal GI flora) |
| Characteristics of Fusobacterium | Gram- fusiform, anaerobic |
| Characteristics of Enterobactericeae | Gram- rod, facultativey anaerobic |
| Characteristics of HSV | dsDNA, enveloped, Herpesviridae |
| Characteristics of Arbovirus | most are RNA, enveloped includes West Nile virus, Rabies |
| Characteristics of Enterovirus | (-ve)ssRNA, non-enveloped, Picornaviridae |
Created by:
hclark86
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