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Biology HSA Q1/Q2
Cells & Biochemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cells | basic building blocks of life |
| unicellular | organisms made up of one cell |
| multicellular | organisms made up of more than one cell |
| tissues | group of cells organized to perform a function in a multicellular organisms |
| organ | a group of related tissues |
| organ system | organs working together to perform a set of related tasks |
| carbohydrates | organic molecules that provide quick energy; from pasta, breads, and fruits |
| monosaccharides | building blocks of carbohydrates |
| cellulose | carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plant cells |
| proteins | organic molecule that provide structure, regulate metabolic reactions, help cells move, and transport materials |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
| enzyme | organic catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in living things; a type of protein |
| substrate | the substance on which an enzyme acts |
| lipids | organic molecules that do not dissolve in water; fats, oils, and waxes |
| fatty acids | building blocks of lipids |
| nucleic acids | organic molecules that store genetic information that is passed from generation to generation; DNA, RNA, and ATP |
| polarity | this is due to the unequal sharing of electrons in the water molecule, resulting a slightly negative oxygen and slightly positive hydrogen |
| solvent | a substance in which other substances can be dissolved; water is the best at this |
| density | the measure of a substance's mass divided by its volume; water 1.00 kg/L |
| vitamins | organic substances necessary in very small amounts for important chemical reactions |
| minerals | inorganic substances used to make certain body structures and substance; for normal nerve and muscle function; not produced by living organisms and must be replaced daily |
| vitamin C | vitamin important in wound healing |
| vitamin D | vitamin important in bone health |
| vitamin K | vitamin important in blood clotting |
| vitamin A | vitamin important in night vision |
| nucleus | control center of cell; where chromosomes are found |
| ribosomes | sites of protein synthesis; may be attached to ER or float freely in cytoplasm |
| ER | a system of membranes and sacs that act like a highway along which molecules move from one part of a cell to another |
| Golgi apparatus | a system of membranes that modifies and refines proteins, getting them ready for use |
| mitochondria | sites of chemical reactions that transfer energy from organic compounds into ATP; where cellular respiration occurs |
| lysosomes | organelle that acts like the cell's digestive system; breaks down old cell parts, cleans up cell |
| cell membrane | regulates what enters and leaves the cell; is semipermeable |
| semipermeable | some substances can pass through easily whereas others cannot |
| cell wall | rigid outer layer that surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells; made of cellulose |
| vacuole | fluid-filled organelle that stores enzymes, wastes, water, and nutrients in plant cells |
| chloroplast | site of photosynthesis |
| diffusion | the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| osmosis | diffusion of water |
| passive transport | the movement of materials into or out of a cell without the use of energy |
| active transport | the movement of materials into or out of a cell with the use of energy; generally moves against the concentration gradient |
| concentration gradient | the difference in concentration of particles between two side-by-side regions |
| vascular system | system used by plants to move materials around the plant; xylem & phloem |
Created by:
plaun
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