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Faragher
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5 types of DNA repair mechanisms | BER - Base Excision Repair NER - Nucleotide Excision Repair Non Homologous End Joining Homologous Recombination Mismatch Repair |
| BER - Base Excision Repair | Replaces damaged bases in the DNA code (damage by oxidative , deamination) can correct only damaged bases that are removed by specific glycosylases |
| NER - Nucleotide Excision Repair | replaces a string of bases if one or more are damaged ( damage by chemicals radiation other mutagens or UV damage that results in DNA adducts) |
| Nonhomologous end joining | Fixes double stranded breaks in the DNA double helix |
| Homologous Recombination | genetic recombination where nucleotide sequences are exchanged between 2 similar or identical molecules of DNA maninly used to accurately repair harmful breaks that occur in both strands of dsDNA |
| Mismatch Repair | Corrects mismatched watson crick base pairs |
| Phases of Cell Cycle | M phase ( Mitosis ) Cytokinesis Gap 1 ( cell grows but no dna replication) Synthesis phase ( DNA replication takes place) Gap 2 - Cell Growth continues and proteins are syntheisised in preparation for mitosis. |
| the mammalian cell cycle is under the control of ... | Cyclin dependent kinases |
| Terminal Differentiation | the spectrum of gene expression giving rise to the phenotype of a given cell type |
| Apoptosis | Programmed Cell death . Typically associated with either tissue remodelling or a physical insult to an other wise functional cell |
| Senescence | Proliferative sterility . permanent exit from the cell cycle typically associated with a deleterious shift in phenotype . |
| Cell line | Infinite proliferation - non tumoregenic permanently established cell culture that will proliferate indefinitely given adequate fresh medium and space.(if not enter G0) |
| transformed cell line | infinite proliferation - tumoregenic ( cancer) Will not enter G0 despite low levels of medium or contact with neighbors |
| Cell Strain | Finite proliferation , enters G0 if low medium or not enogh space non tumerogenic |
| can you make the link between cell cycle and cancer? | loss of cell cycle control and esape from senescence are major drivers of cancer |
| accumulation of senescent cells drives ... | ageing osteoporosis ( via inflammation) |
| free radicals drive ... | inflammation and senescence there for free radicals drive ageing |
Created by:
ts175
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