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Ch.5 Earth Science B
Changing Landscapes
Term | Definition |
---|---|
volcanism | movement of magma inside Earth |
lava | magma that reaches Earth's surface |
vent | volcano opening from which lava flows |
volcano | vent and the volcanic material around it |
crater | pit at the top of a volcanic cone |
caldera | large hole that forms when the roof of a magma dome collapses |
shield cone | volcanic cone made up of layers of hardened lava |
cinder cone | volcanic cone made up of rock particles, dust, and ash |
composite cone | volcanic cone made up of alternating layers of lava and rock particles |
earthquake | sudden, strong movement of Earth's crust |
focus | beneath Earth's surface where and earthquake starts |
epicenter | place on Earth's surface directly above the focus |
seismic wave | earthquake wave |
seismograph | instrument that detects and measures earthquakes |
P-wave | fastest earthquake wave |
S-wave | second earthquake wave to be recorded at a seismograph station |
L-wave | surface wave |
Richter scale | scale that measures the energy released by an earthquake |
tsunami | large ocean wave caused by an earthquake |
Ring of Fire | major earthquake and volcanic zone that almost forms a circle around the Pacific Ocean |