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Digestive and Exceot
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Digestion | is the process by which the large complex molecules in food are broken down into smaller molecules that can be used by the body |
| Digestive system | A system of organs that breaks down foods into energy that can be used in cells |
| Sphincters | Rings of muscle separate one section from another |
| Mouth | Chewing shreds and grinds food into smaller particles |
| Salivary glands | In the mouth release saliva that moistens the food and contains an amylase |
| Amylase | begins the breakdown of complex starch molecules into sugars |
| Esophagus | Tube that connects the mouth to the stomach |
| Peristalsis | rhythmic, involuntary contraction of the smooth muscles in the walls of digestive organs |
| stomach | muscular sac that can stretch to nearly twice its size and hold up to 2 liters. Smooth muscle contractions mix the foods with digestive juices |
| Chyme | partially digested, semi-liquid mixture that passes from the stomach to the small intestine |
| Chemical digestion in stomach | HCI and pepsin break down proteins |
| Duodenum | PArt of the smaller intestine closest to the stomach |
| Small intestine | long narrow tube in which most digestion takes place. Smooth muscle contractions churn the food and chemical digestion further breaks down the food |
| Where is the Pancreas located | Small gland located behind the stomach |
| Job of pancreas | releases an alkaline fluid to help neutralize the acid and stop the action of pepsin |
| bile | chemical substance that breaks down fats produced from the liver and stored in the gallbladder |
| Gallbladder | stores bile |
| liver | filters blood |
| Excretory system | body system that gets rid of non solid waste through sweat urine and exhalation to help maintain homeostasis |
| Lungs | remove excess carbon dioxide and water vapor through exhaling |
| Sweat glands | release excess water and salts and sweat cools the body |
| kidneys | Organs that eliminate wastes by filtering and cleaning the blood to urine |
| Ureter | tube that carries urine from each kidney to the bladder |
| Urinary Bladder | saclike organ that can store up to half a liter of urine at one time |
| urethra | tube that releases the pee |
| Kidney homeostasis | remove waste products from the blood such as those produced from digestion and cell respiration 2. maintain electrolyte, pH, and fluid balance 3. realease hormones that keep bones heathy, produce red bone marrow, and regulate blood pressure |
| Description of kidneys | bean sized organs located at both sides of your lower back |
| Structure of kidney | inner layer called the medulla, outer layer called cartex |
| Nephrons | individual filtering unit of the kidney packed in cortex and parts of medulla |
| glomerulus | tangled ball of cappilaries |
| When the blood is under pressure | small molecules are pushed out of the capillaries and into Brownman's capsule |
| Urea | waste product produced by the breakdown of proteins |
| filtrate | the materials in Bowman's capsule. 1% out pee 99% reabsorbed into blood |
| Excretion | in the loop of Henle, water can be reabsorbed many times to reduce urine. Rest of urine flows into collecting duct that leads to the ureter |
| Dialysis | treatment in which a patient's blood is cleaned and chemically balanced through a mechanical process |
Created by:
ronabraham@cox.net
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