Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

PMBR MBE FC CrimLaw

Foundation Course: Crim:aw/Procedure review

QuestionAnswer
CrimLaw - Approach to Crimes 1- Type of injury / Who or what is the crimes against? 2- Statute? 3- What is in the mind of the defendant? 4- Are there defenses?
CrimLaw - Principles of Criminal Liability • Actus Reus • Mens Rea • Concurrence • Causation • Defenses
CrimLaw - Mens Rea- “Knowingly” A person has "knowledge" of a material fact if he is aware of the fact or he correctly believes that it exists.
CrimLaw - MENS REA: "willful blindness" or "deliberate ignorance" i.e., if the defendant is aware of a high probability of the existence of the fact in question, and he deliberately fails to investigate in order to avoid confirmation.
CrimLaw - Mistake of Fact • Specific Intent - any mistake, reasonable or unreasonable • General Intent - only reasonable mistake • Strict Liability – mistake of fact is no defense
CrimLaw - Self Defense (non-deadly force) Reasonable non-deadly force is allowed where defendant reasonably believes it is necessary to avert imminent harm
CrimLaw - Self Defense (Deadly force) Deadly Force – allowed 1) to meet deadly force, or 2) to counter a threat of serious bodily harm General Rule: No duty to retreat
CrimLaw - Specific Intent crimes requires an actual subjective intent to cause a specific result
CrimLaw - General Intent crimes requires only an intent to do the prescribed act
CrimLaw - Strict Liability crimes requires no mens rea -Regulatory offenses -Regulation of food, drugs, firearms -Morality crimes
CrimLaw - Voluntary Intoxication- SI 1. A defense to a specific intent crime where it negates the mens rea, but no defense to a general intent crime (e.g. arson). 2. Can reduce 1st degree murder to 2nd degree, but does NOT mitigate murder to voluntary manslaughter.
CrimLaw - Insanity Defense (M'Naughten test) M’Naghten – cognitive test 1) defendant does not know the nature and quality of his act OR 2) he does not know what he was doing was wrong
CrimLaw - Criminal Liability for Failure to Act A duty may arise by: 1) Statute 2) Contract 3) Creation of victim’s peril 4) Relationship (parent and spouses)
CrimLaw - Manslaughter • Voluntary – intentional killing (SI) 1) Adequate provocation 2) Mistaken justification • Involuntary – unintentional (GI) 1) Gross negligence 2) Misdemeanor - manslaughter
CrimLaw - Redline Rule To be guilty of felony murder, the killing must have been done in the furtherance of the felony, but the victim must be an innocent party. Felony murder does not apply when the person killed is a co-felon.
CrimLaw - Solicitation- SI • Defendant entices, encourages, orders or requests another to commit a crime. The crime is complete at this point. • Merges into the target offense • No defenses at common law
CrimLaw - Conspiracy- SI • Elements (common law): 1) Agreement between 2 or more persons 2) Intent to achieve same criminal objective • Conspiracy does NOT merge • Defenses - Withdrawal is no defense at common law - MPC contra if defendant “thwarts the success”
CrimLaw - Attempt- SI • Elements: 1) Intent to commit a crime 2) a “substantial” step in furtherance that goes beyond mere preparation • Merges into the completed offense • Defenses: Legal impossibility − yes Factual impossibility − no
CrimLaw - Unilateral Theory of Conspiracy According to the Model Penal Code, an agreement between “2 or more” persons is not required. Only an intent by a single actor agreeing with another is needed.
CrimLaw - Scope of Conspiracy - Pinkerton Doctrine • A co-conspirator is guilty of all crimes committed “in furtherance of” the conspiracy (i.e. Pinkerton crimes)
CrimLaw - Scope of Conspiracy - Withdrawal from Pinkerton crimes Withdrawal from Pinkerton crimes may occur where a conspirator -1) notifies all other members of the conspiracy, and -2) such notice is timely giving other members the opportunity to abort their plans
CrimLaw - Accomplice Liability- SI 1) gives aid or encouragement with 2) intent to achieve same criminal objective Scope: all crimes reasonably foreseeable”
CrimLaw - Battery (GI) & Assault (SI) - Battery - General intent crime Unlawful Application of Force - Assault- Specific intent crime 1) Attempted Battery Type 2) Intent to Frighten Type
CrimLaw - Accessory After The Fact- SI • Knows of a completed crime, and • Gives aid to hinder apprehension or conviction
CrimLaw - False Pretenses- SI False representation of a past or present material fact which causes the victim to pass title to the wrongdoer.
CrimLaw - Embezzlement- SI Fraudulent conversion of the personal property of another by one in lawful possession.
CrimLaw - Burglary- SI Elements (Common Law): • Breaking and entering of, • the dwelling house of another, • at nighttime with • the intent to commit a larceny or felony therein.
CrimPro - Approach to Criminal Procedure 1- Standing- Possessory interest in place or thing? 2- State Action- is there a government actor involved? 3- Timing- pre or post indictment or arrest 4- Requirements- reasonable suspicion, probable cause 5- Exceptions
CrimPro - Presumptions • Shifts the burden of production to the opposing party • Must be accepted as true, unless rebutted • A jury instruction creating a presumption as to an element of the crime charged is unconstitutional and violates due process
CrimPro - Basis for Appeal • Right to Jury Trial - Arises where imprisonment for more than 6 months is possible • Right to Counsel – Arises for felonies or misdemeanors where imprisonment is actually imposed
CrimPro - Reasonable Expectation of Privacy • If there is a REP, then police intrusion constitutes a search • If there is no REP, then police intrusion is not a search
CrimPro - Standing (warrantless searches) Defendant must have a possessory interest in the premises searched or in the items seized.
CrimPro - Search Req-s 1. Probable cause 2. Warrant required, unless an exception applies a) Stop and frisk b) Search incident to lawful arrest c) Plain view d) Automobile e) Consent f) Hot pursuit g) Exigent circumstances
CrimPro - Inventory Search A routine search to protect the arrestee’s personal items and to safeguard the police from any claims of theft.
CrimPro - Curtilage The land immediately surrounding a house or dwelling, including any closely associated buildings and structures, but excluding any associated “open fields beyond.”
CrimPro - “Open Fields” Doctrine • Applies to the area beyond the “curtilage” • No REP • No 4th Amendment protection • A view of “open fields” is NOT a search
CrimPro - “Consent” Search Consent extends to all areas where a person with an apparent equal right to use or occupy the property would have joint access or control. - co-habitant? - shared area? - child? - burden on police
CrimPro - Dog Sniff • A dog sniff of the exterior of a lawfully stopped vehicle does NOT constitute a search. • A positive canine alert provides probable cause to search.
CrimPro - Warrant Requirements • A search warrant may be issued only by a neutral, disinterested magistrate. • Search warrants require probable cause, oath or affirmation, and a particular description of the place and object of the search to meet constitutional requirements.
CrimPro - Warrant Requirements - Standard for probable cause - A sworn statement of facts showing PC to search this place for these items. - The standard for probable cause is objective, meaning that there is sufficient information to persuade a reasonable person that a certain place contains evidence of a crime.
CrimPro - Protective Sweep - Definition A sweep of the area immediately around the arrestee, and the path, walk or hallways directly to and from him and the entrance to the residence.
CrimPro - Protective Sweep - Purpose The purpose is to ensure the security of law enforcement officers.
CrimPro - Protective Sweep - Limitations The protective sweep must be limited to a cursory inspection of places where a person may hide, and last no longer than is necessary to dispel the reasonable suspicion of danger.
CrimPro - Miranda Law enf officials must administer warnings in order to protect an individual who is in custody and subject to direct questioning or its functional equivalent. Prevents against violations of individual’s 5AM right against compelled self-incrimination.
CrimPro - 6th Amendment Right to Counsel • Prevents deliberate elicitation of incriminating statements once formal charges have been filed (critical stages) • Actual waiver required
CrimPro - Double Jeopardy The act of putting a person through a second trial for an offense for which he or she has already been prosecuted or convicted.
Created by: shigal
Popular Law sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards