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B7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ATP | Stores/releases energy very quickly from glucose/respiration. Is produced from muscle contraction |
| Oxygen Debt | Occurs during anaerobic respiration, chemical reaction with glucose produces lactic acid, results in an oxygen debt which is a lack of oxygen to the organs |
| Double Circulatory System | Blood goes through the heart twice for each circulation |
| Valves | Control the flow of blood and prevents the blood flowing backwards |
| Red blood cells | Transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body, don't have a nucleus so contain lots of haemoglobin. Have a biconcave shape so have a large surface area for exchanging oxygen |
| Plasma | The liquid that carries nutrients (e.g. glucose, amino acids), antibodies, hormones and waste |
| White blood cells | Help to fight infection, protect the body against attack from microorganisms |
| Platelets | Small fragments of cells that help the blood to clot at the site of a wound |
| Blood | Made up of red blood cells, plasma, white blood cells and platelets |
| Right atrium | Receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava |
| Right ventricle | Deoxygenated blood passes through this and is pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary artery |
| Left atrium | Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein |
| Left ventricle | Oxygenated blood passes through this and is pumped to the rest of the body via the aorta |
| Veins | Have valves as well to prevent the backflow of blood |
| Coronary arteries | Supply the heart muscle with blood |
| Capillaries | Really tiny blood vessels with permeable walls so substances can diffuse in and out |
| Capillary beds | Networks of capillaries in tissue |
| Tissue fluid | Allows cells to get the substances they need and get rid of waste without a capillary supplying every single cell |
| Skeleton | Supports the body and allows it to move, and protects vital organs |
| Vertebrates | Animals who that have a backbone and an internal skeleton, e.g. birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians |
| Ligaments | Holds bones together at a joint, have a high tensile strength and are slightly elastic so help stabilise joints but still allow movement |
| Cartilage | Covers the ends of bones to reduce friction between bones, also acts as a shock absorber and cushion between bones |
| Synovial Fluid | Released by membranes at some joints to lubricate joints allowing them to move more easily by reducing friction |
| Tendons | Bones are attached to muscles by these, can't stretch much so when a muscle contracts, a tendon pulls on the bone transmitting a force from the muscle to the bone |
| Antagonistic pairs | Muscles come in pairs. When one muscle in the pair contracts, the joint moves in one direction, when the other muscle contracts, it moves in the opposite direction, e.g. biceps and triceps |
| BMI | Body Mass Index- Mass % height in metres squared |
| Sprains | Damage to the ligament by stretching too much |
| Dislocations | A bone comes out of its socket, causes severe pain |
| Torn ligaments | More severe pain than a sprain and causes loss of control of the joint |
| Torn tendons | A tear in the tendon which attaches muscle to bone, when a muscle contracts in one direction but is pulled in the opposite direction |
| RICE method | Used to treat sprains, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation |
| Rest | To avoid any further damage |
| Ice | Helps reduce swelling, reduces blood flow to the injured area |
| Compression | Reduces swelling and prevents excessive movement of the injured joint, bandages are used |
| Elevation | Makes it easier for the blood to flow back to the heart, helps reduce swelling |
Created by:
Abby Binns
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