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Biology Spring Exam1

Spring Exam Review

QuestionAnswer
What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
DNA is what type of macromolecule? Nucleic Acid
What are the building blocks of DNA? Nucleotides
Where is DNA found? Nucleus
What type of molecule does DNA have the instructions for? Proteins
What are the three parts of a nucleotide? Sugar, Phosphate, and Nitrogen Base
What sugar is found in DNA? Deoxyribose
What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA? Thyamine, Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine
What base pairs match up in DNA? Adenine with Thyamine Guanine with Cytosine
What is DNA replication? DNA makes a copy of itself in preparation for cell division.
What monomers are the building blocks of proteins? amino acids
What does RNA stand for? Ribose Nucleic Acid
List three ways RNA is different from DNA? Single standed Ribose sugar Uracil as a base instead of Thyamine
What are the three types of RNA? mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
What are two processes of protein synthesis? Transcription and Translation
Where does transcription take place? in the nucleus
What type of RNA is created during transcription? mRNA
In what part of the cell does translation take place? ribosome
What is Mitosis nuclear cellular division
What is the results of mitosis? 2 genetically identical daughter cells
What stage of the cell cycle does a cell spend most of its time n? interphase
What are the 3 phases of Interphase? G1, S, G2
What are the 4 stages of Mitosis? Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
How many chromosomes are in a human somatic cell? 46 or 23 pairs
What is a diploid cell? 2n or a cell with two of each chromosomes
What is a haploid cell? n or a cell with one of each chromosome
How many chromosomes are in a human gamete cell? n or 23 chromosomes
What is meiosis? type of cell division where one body cell forms 4 daughter cells
What is the result of meiosis? 4 genetically unique daughter cells
What happens when a cell loses control of the cell cycle? cancer
How many cellular divisions are in meiosis? 2
Genetics is the study of... heredity
What is an allele? one form of a gene for each variation of the trait
What is a dominant allele? the observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form
What is a recessive allele? the trait of an organism taht can may be masked
How is the dominant allele represented? Capital Letter
How is the recessive allele represented? Lower case letter
What is homozygous? both alleles for the trait are the same (HH or hh)
What is heterozygous? Alleles for the trait are different (Hh)
What is the genotype? combination of genes in an organism
What is the phenotype? outward appearance of an organism
What is incomplete dominance? neither allele is dominant, but combine to show a new trait. (red and white make pink)
What is codominance? neither allele is dominant over the other and both are expressed
What are sex-linked traits? traits controled by genes located on sex chromosomes.
What is evolution? the gradual change in a species over time
What are homologous structures? structures with common evolutionary origins
What are analogous structures? structures that do not have common evolutionary beginnings, but are similar in function
What are vestigal structures? a structure in present day organisms that no longer serves a purpose
What is natural selection? occurs when organisms with favorable variations survive, reproduce, and pass their variations to the next generation
What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution? divergent was once similar and has changed into new species convergent is distantly related develop similar structures or occupy similar environments.
Created by: Tricia Redwine
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