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SHMS 7th Sci Vocab 2
SHMS 7th Grade Science Vocab 2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Heredity/Inherit | passing, or capable of passing, naturally from parent to offspring through the genes: Blue eyes are hereditary in our family. |
Gene | a basic unit of hereditary information. It refers to a specific segment of DNA that influences a particular trait or group of traits. |
Homozygous | an organism that contains two of the same alleles for a trait (purebred) |
Heterozygous | an organism that contains two different alleles for a trait (hybrid) |
Genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism (set of alleles present). |
Phenotype | the observable traits of an organism that result from its genotype. |
Dominant Allele | the trait produced by this type of allele "masks" the trait produced by the recessive allele. |
Recessive Allele | the trait produced by this type of allele gets "masked" by the trait produced by the dominant allele. |
Trait | a characteristic of an organism (e.g., hair color). |
Chromosome | A structure in all living cells that consists of a single molecule of DNA bonded to various proteins and that carries the genes determining heredity. A molecule of DNA is "packaged" and carried by this larger molecule. |
Asexual Reproduction | results in offspring that are identical to the single parent. In this type of reproduction, new individuals are a product of mitosis. The parent and the offspring have identical genetic material. |
Sexual Reproduction | is the donation of a gamete (a sex cell) by each parent. The resulting zygote (cell that results from the process of fertilization) will have characteristics of each of the contributing parents. |
Zygote | the fertilized egg that is formed from the union of the sperm and egg cells. |
Punnett Square | is used to express the possible genotypes which will determine the phenotype of an individual. |
Hybrid | an organism that has two different alleles for a specific trait. (heterozygous) |
Selective breeding | used by humans to pass along desired traits to future generations. In this way, humans can control many physical characteristics of an organism, from color to shape to size. |
Artificial Selection | is also used to produce organisms with desired characteristics. This is completed in a laboratory procedure in which genes from one organism are inserted into another. |
Offspring | an organism produce from two parents, in which 50% of the genes came from one parent (mom) and 50% of the genes came from the other parent (dad). |
Purebred | an organism that has two identical alleles for a specific trait. (homozygous) |
Genetic Variation | differences found among genes; located on DNA |
Autotroph | an organism that synthesis (makes) it's own food |
Heterotroph | an organism that can NOT make it's own food |