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Biology Exam VocabJD

End of the Year Biology Review of Vocab

TermDefinition
Gamete Male and female sex cells
Alleles Alternate forms of genes
Phenotype The way an organism looks and behaves
Genotype The allele combination an organism contains
Homozygous An organism that has two of the same alleles for a trait
Heterozygous An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Law of independent assortment Genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
Punnett Square Shorthand was of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross
Diploid Cell with two of each kind of chromosomes
Haploid A cell containing one of each kind of chromosome
Meiosis A form of cell division which produces gametes containing half the number of chromosomes of a parent't body ccell
Crossing over The process in which non-sister chromatids from homologous chromosomes break and exchange genetic material
Nondisjunction The failure of homologous chromosomes to seperate properly during meiosis
Genetic recombination The reassortment of chromosomes and the genetic information they carry, either by crossing over or by independent segregation of homologous chromosomes which is a major source of variation among organisms
Homologous Chromosomes Two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell
DNA The genetic information that is held in the molecules of it ultimately determines an organism's traits
Double Helix Two strands of DNA twisted together
RNA Workers for protein synthesis which take the information from the DNA and are single stranded
Transcription Process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a portion of a DNA strand
Codon A group of three nitrogenous bases in mRNA that code for one amino acid
Translation The process of converting the information in a sequence of nitrogenous basis in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in protein
Point mutation Change in a single base pair in DNA
Frameshift mutation A mutation in which a single base is added or deleted from DNA
Chromosomal mutations Structural changes in chromosomes such as breaking and not rejoining correctly
Pedigree Graphic representation of genetic inheritance
Incomplete dominance Type of complex inheritance in which the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of the two homozygotes
Palindrome Read the same forward as it is backward
Codominace Causes the phenotypes of both homozygotes to be produced in heterozygous individuals
Sex-linked inheritance Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes
Polygenic inheritance The inheritance pattern of a trait that is controlled by two or more genes
Blood type Different types of blood that if not taken carefully can result in blood clots
Test cross Cross of an individual of unknown genotype with an individual of known genotype
Recombinant DNA DNA made by connecting fragments of DNA from different sources
Vector Means by which DNA from another species can be carried into the host cell
Plasmid A small ring of DNA found in a bacterial cell
Gel Elctrophoresis Cutting DNA, placing them in gel, and running electrical currants through them to see how common they are to others
Clone Genetically identical copies
Transgenic organism Plants and animals that contain functional recombinant DNA from an organism of a different genus
Created by: jeffdemond
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