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Chapter 10
Stack #127181
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| muscle (CHAPTER 10) | 1. soft tissue that develops incredible forces. 2. powerful and efficient motor. 3. has amazing metabolic scope. 4. is very plastic, can respond to the enviornment. |
| Types of muscle tissue | 1. skeletal 2. cardiac muscle 3. smoOth muscle |
| Skeletal | skeletal 1. attatch to cover the skeleton 2. voluntary somatic nervous system 3. striated & multi nucleate |
| Cardiac Muscle | cardiac muscle 1. walls of heart. 2. involuntary autonomic nervous system. 3. striated and uni nucleate |
| Smooth Muscle | Smooth muscle 1. walls of hollow visceral organs 2. involuntary autonomic nervous system. 3. non- straited and uni nucleated |
| Functions of Muscle | 1) Produce movement -locomotion and manipulation -maintenance of blood pressure -propulsion through organs/tracts 2)maintain posture 3)stabilize joints 4)generate heat |
| Functional Charicteristics of Muscle Excitability | 1.excitability (irritability):ability to recieve and respond to stimulus w/membrane depolarization. |
| Contractility | 1. Ability to shorten forcibly when properly stimulated |
| Extensibility | 1. Ability to be stretched or extended |
| Elasticity | 1. Ability of muscle fiber to resume its resting length after being stretched |
| Mucle Attachments | 1. Direct attachment 2. I ndirect attachment 3. Aponeurosis 4. origin 5. Insertion |
| Direct attachment | 1. Epimysium is continuous with periosteum |
| Indirect Attachment | 1. Tendons |
| Aponeurosis | 1. A broad sheet-like tendon that anchors a muscle to fascia or tendon of another muscle. |
| Origin | relativly stationary end of muscle attached to bone |
| Insertion | 1. More mobile end of muscle attached to bone. |
| Organization of Muscle Tissue (muscle anatomy) | Hierarchy of Organization muscle fascicle tissue myofiber cell myofibrils organelle Sarcomeres organelle Myoflament molecular myosin and Actin |
| Muscle Fiber | Basic Cellular unit of muscle. 1.long multi nucleate cell 2.cytoplasm packed with motor protiens 3.Also contains sarcoplasm, mitochondria,ect. |
| How are Mscle Fibers put together to make a muscle | 1. Connective tissue wrappings 1Around individual fibers= endomysium 2Around fascicles= perimysium -Fascicles equal bundle of fibers 3Around entire muscle=epimysium |
| How are Fascicles arranged within a Muscle? | 3 Types of Fascicle arrangement 1.Parallel 2.Pennate -uni pennate -bi pennate 3.Circular (Sphincter) |
| Wer are the strations? How Do Muscles Shorten? | The muscle fiber |
| The Muscle Fiber | -multi-nucleated -Sarcolemma -T-tubules=internal extensions of cell membrane -sarcoplasm=cytoplasm -myofibrils=contractile protiens -sarcoplasmic reticulum-Ca2+storage -mitochondria-ATP production. |
| Myofibril Structure | Contractile protiens-Actin and Myosin Elastic protein-Titin Regulatory Protiens-Tropomyosin and troponin -other (non-protein) items necessary for contraction are: ATP and Ca2+ |
| Myofibril Structure Steps | 1. A single cell (fiber) contains several myofibrils. 2. A single myofibril contains 1000's of myofilaments (numerous protien filiments of myosin, actin, titin). |
| Myofilaments Structure steps | 1. myofilaments form sarcomeres. 2. (1000's of myofiliments packed into one myofibril) |
| Sarcomere | Sarcomeres have striation bands theres actin myosin and titin Study picture striations Sarcomere z- disk H band z- disk A band I band |
| Sarcomeres | 1. A single muscle cell (myofiber) is composed of many sarcomeres in series |
| How Muscle Works Muscle Contraction | 1. Overview of muscle structure-function 2. Muscle anatomy A. Organization of Muscle B. Microanatomy of Muscle 3. Mechanism of Muscular Contraction |
| Sarcomere Shortening | Sarcomere shortening---> muscle shortening 1. Shortening of individual sarcomeres leads to shortening of a single muscle cell (myofiber) |
| Muscle shortening by "Sliding Filament" mechanism | Microanatomyof muscle-Sarcomeres |
| Actin | thin filament |
| Myosin | thick filament actin thin filament |
| How do Muscles Shorten? | Hypothesis 1. Filamnts shorten Predict: A band shortening Hypothesis 2: Filaments slide Predict: I band shortening |
| Filament Shortening? | this is not how muscle shortening works! |
| How Do Muscles Shorten? | Hypothesis 1: Filaments shorten Predict: A band shortening Hypothesis 2: Filaments slide Predict: I band Shortening |
| Filament Sliding | This is how Muscle Shortening Works! |
| How Do muscle produce force? | -muscle has contractile protiens:actin (thin filaments) and myosin(thick filaments). -myosin heads bind to actin filaments=CROSSBRIDGE formation. -binding of myosin heads to actin generates muscular FORCE |
| hOW DO MUSCLES PRODUCE FORCE? | NO actin-myosin binding;no force. CROSSBRIDGE=force |
| How do muscles shorten? A | Myosin actin cross bridge formation--> force. Muscles shorten by sliding filament mechanism: actin filaments pulled inward by myosin. Actin pulls on Z-lines (made of protein, connection);Zlines pull on muscle cytoskeleton (made of protein microtubialsB |
| B | Cytoskeleton pulls on sarcolema (muscle cell plasme membrane);this leads to whole muscle shortening. Protien "springs" (titin) return muscle to resting length at end of shortening contraction. |
| How do Muscles shorten? | Crossbridges ---->force sarcomere shortening powerstroke----> shortening |
| Molecular Structure of Thickand Thin Filaments | ? |
| yosin (thick) filaments | 1. Formed from myosin tail (body of filament) and head (cross- bridge). |
| 2. | Chain of globular G- actin subunits forms helical strand -2 strands of trpomyosin + troponin complex (regulate binding of myosin heads) |
| Muscle proteins summary | Myofilaments thick filaments myosin -head (crossbridge) -tail actin -G actin-filament backbone -tropomyosin filaments -troponin |
| Thin filaments | Are made of the protiens actin, tropomyosin and troponin and myosin |
Created by:
Shanda_mg
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