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BIO exam review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an anticodon? | A sequence of 3 bases on tRNA that corresponds to the codon sequence on mRNA. |
| What is a codon? | A sequence of 3 bases on mRNA that codes for an amino acid. |
| Where does transcription take place? | The nucleus |
| Where does translation take place | On ribosomes. |
| What do amino acids form when they are linked? | Polypeptide chains |
| How many codons are there? | 64 |
| How many amino acids? | 20 |
| How many stop codons? | 3 |
| Equation for diploid? | 2N |
| Equation for haploid? | N |
| How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do humans have? | 23 |
| in what cells does mitosis occur in? | All body cells |
| What is rapid, uncontrolled cell division? | cancer |
| What does aerobic mean? | With oxygen |
| True or false: All human chromosomes except the sex chromosomes are autosomes. | True |
| True or false: A pedigree chart shows the relationship within a family. | True |
| True are false: The X and Y chromosomes are autosomes? | False |
| True or false: The Rh blood group is determined by a single gene. | True |
| Which disease is characterized by a buildup of phenylalanine? | PKU |
| What disease is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle control and mental function, caused by a dominant allele? | Huntington's Disease |
| What disease is caused by a nervous system breakdown in very young chldren, caused by an autosomal recessive allele? | Tay-Sachs |
| Which disorder is more common among people whose ancestors originally came from Africa? | sickle-cell anemia |
| Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome are called.... | sex-linked genes |
| True or false: The Y chromosome does not contain any genes at all. | False |
| True or false: Down syndrome occurs when an individual has an extra copy of chromosome 21. | True |
| True or false: All X-linked alleles are expressed in males, even if they are recessive | True |
| The condition in which an individual has 3 copies of a chromosome is known as.... | Trisomy |
| What does trisomy mean? | 3 bodies |
| What disorder is characterized by the inability of the blood to clot normally? | Hemophilia |
| What disorder is characterized by progressive weakening and loss of skeletal muscle? | Duschenne muscular dystrophy |
| What disease is characterized by a nervous system breakdown in very young childrem? | Tay-Sachs |
| What occurs during non-disjunction? | Homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis. |
| On a pedigree chart is a circle a female or male? | Female |
| What is a picture of chromosomes grouped together in pairs? | Karyotype |
| What determines an individual's sex? | Sex chromosomes |
| XX is | female |
| XY is | male |
| What are the remaining 44 chromosomes in a human? | autosomes |
| Ratio of male and females born? | 50:50 |
| All egg cells carry how many X chromosomes? | One |
| What can be used to establish whether a trait is actually inherited and not the result of environmental influences? | A pedigree chart |
| Can all traits be associated with single genes? | No |
| Type A comes from | AA or AO |
| Type B comes from | BB or BO |
| Type AB comes from | AB |
| Type O comes from | OO or ii |
| Who discovered isoantibodies in the blood serum against isoantigens that are on red blood cells and received a Nobel Prize for the discovery of blood groups? | Karl Landsteiner |
| RH+ is dominant or recessive? | dominant |
| What Rh pregnant woman gets a shot? | Rh- |
| Linked genes may be separated by recombination during meiosis. This is called | crossing-over |
| True or false: All X linked alleles are expressed in males, even if they are recessive. | True |
| What is the treatment for hemophilia? | Blood transfusions |
| Are Barr bodies generally found in males? | No |
| What is the makeup of a nucleotide? | Deoxyribose, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. |
| What are the purines? | Adenine and Guanine |
| What are the pyrimidines | Cytosine and Thymine |
| What forms the backbone of a DNA chain? | Sugar and phosphate groups of each nucleotide. |
| True or false:: The nucleotide s must be joined in a specific order. | False |
| What is the ability to do work? | energy |
| What is the energy-carrying molecule? | ATP |
| What does ATP stand for? | Adenosine triphosphate |
| What does ATP contain? | 5C-sugar, N-containing compound, and 3 phosphate groups |
| When bonds are broken what happens to energy? | It is released. |
| When bonds are formed what happens to energy? | It is stored. |
| What happens when ATP releases a P group? | It also releases energy |
| Waht is the process by which green plants use the energy of sunlight to convert H20 and CO2 into oxygen and high energy carbohydrates. | Photosynthesis |
Created by:
15_KCrawford
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