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Drugs 44
Units 7-9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an anticoagulant? | They prevent new clots from forming and prevent existing clots from becoming larger. |
| What must the nurse teach a patient on anticoagulants long term to avoid? | Avoid activities that can traumatize tissue and lead to bleeding. |
| What do antiplatelet drugs do? | Prevent platelets from clumping together (aggregating). |
| What do thrombin inhibitors and clotting factor synthesis inhibitors do? | Prevent new clots from forming and existing clots from getting larger. |
| What type of drug is given to persons exhibiting stroke symptoms? | A thrombolytic drug (clot buster) |
| A thrombolytic drug must be administered within how many hours of the onset of symptoms? | These drugs must be administered within 3 hours of the onset of symptoms of a stroke. |
| After receiving a thrombolytlic drug the patient is at risk for what effect? | High risk for bleeding with any invasive procedures. |
| On what factor is the initial heparin bolus based? | The patient's weight. |
| What is the goal of continuous heparin therapy? | To keep the aPTT within a therapeutic range of 1.5 to 2.5 times greater than the laboratory established control value. |
| What is a major advantage of prescribing enoxaparin? | Patients are not required to have laboratory work done to guide their therapy. |
| What is the normal platelet range? | 200,000 to 400,000/mm3 |
| What does a low platelet count mean for someone on heparin? | It is an indication of an adverse reaction to heparin known as heparin-induces thrombocytopenia. |
| What vitamin counteracts the therapeutic effects of warfarin? | Vitamin K |
| In what foods is vitamin K found? | Green leafy vegatables |
| What is the therapeutic warfarin level for INR? | Therapeutic warfarin levels should maintain the INR between 2.0 and 3.0. |
| What is the normal range for INR? | 0.7 to 1.8 is the normal INR range |
| What are common side effects of anticoagulant therapy? | Bleeding from the gums, oozing from cuts or wounds, nosebleeds, and heavier than usual menstrual bleeding. |
| What effect does darbepoetin alfa have on a patient? | Darbepoetin alfa increases blood cell production, the blood becomes more viscous (thicker). |
| What effect does viscous blood have on a patient's vascular system? | This raises blood pressure, increases clot formation and slows blood movement through small vessels. |
| What is the action of oprelvekin? | Oprelvekin is a thrombpoietic colony-stimulating factor that increases production of platelets to at least 50,000/mm3 |
| What is the purpose of short acting but rapid acting beta2 agonists (albuterol)? | Reduce the severity or stop an asthma attack. |
| What is the purpose of a long acting beta2 agonist (salmeterol)? | Can prevent attacks when taken daily. |
| For what purpose might a short acting beta2 adrenergic agonist be prescribed for a COPD patient? | Extra doses might be needed to open airways whenever the patient feels especially breathless. |
| What is the advantage of inhaled drugs? | Inhaled drugs go more to the site where the intended responses are needed and less drug is absorbed systemically; there are fewer side effects. |
| What must you teach a patient using a dry powder inhaler? | Washing the DPI may cause the medication in the inhaler to clump together. |
| What is the therapeutic range for theophylline? | A very narrow 10 to 20 mcg/mL. |
| What is the recommended loading dose of IV aminophylline? | 5 to 7 mg/kg |
| What is the intended action of bronchodilators? | To widen the airways to improve breathing. |
| What does aminophylline do? | Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. |
| What are signs and symptoms of aminophylline toxicity? | CNS irritability, restlessness, temperature elevation, tremors, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting, palpitations and dizziness. |
| Which side effect reported by the patient taking Brethine should the nurse report to the prescriber? | Chest pain. This may mean constriction of the coronary arteries. |
| What is a patient at risk for when using a steroid inhaler excessively? | Excessive use reduces the local immune function and increases the patient's risk for infection. |
| What is a side effect of leukotriene inhibitors? | They can cause liver impairment. |
| What lab value indicates liver impairment? | Lactate dehydrogenase. |
| What is the purpose of cromolyn sodium? | It is a prophylactic drug that stabilizes mast cell membranes. |
| What is the pregnancy warning for benzodiazepines? | Have caused birth defects when used during the first trimester and can cause the fetus to become dependent and experience withdrawal symptoms after birth. |
| What is ondansetron? | An antinausea drug. |
| What is a contraindication to prescribing metoclopramide? | A history of depression |
| What is the action of metoclopramide? | Increases stomach and small intestine peristalsis which helps move food through the GI system. |
| What are the effects of promethazine? | It is an antiemetic drug which induces sedation and confusion; some patients have reduced memory about events occurring within a few hours after receiving the drug. |
| What effect do antiemetic drugs have on the central nervous system? | All of the antiemetic drugs cause some degree of central nervous system depression. |
| Scopolamine is what type of drug? | Anticholinergic |
| What is a side effect of an anticholinergic drug? | Urinary retention |
| What is a rare and life threatening side effect of prochlorperazine? | Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in which dangerously high body temperatures can occur. |
| What is a dangerous side effect of bisacodyl? | Hypokalemia |
| What are the symptoms of toxic megacolon, a serious complication of diarrhea therapy? | Increasing abdominal size, fever, abdominal pain, rapid heart rate and dehydration. |
| What are cholinergic antagonists? | Anticholinergic |
| What do anticholinergic drugs do? | Block the parasympathetic nervous system |
| What are systemic effects of bronchodilators? | Rapid heart rate, increased blood pressure, a feeling of nervousness and difficulty sleeping |
| What are the actions of a mucolytic? | Reduce the thickness of mucus, allowing the mucus to more easily move out of the airways. |
| Name a mucolytic. | Guaifenesin |
| What is the major mucolytic drug for COPD? | Acetylcysteine |
| What are common side effects of antiemetic drugs? | Dizziness, fatigue, headache, blurred vision, constipation and drowsiness |
| What is a side effect of Reglan? | May cause mild to severe depression. Should not be prescribed to patients with a history of depression. |
| What instruction do you give patients taking antiemetic drugs for chemotherapy? | Take 30 minutes before meals |
| What are the 3 types of antidiarrheal drugs? | Antimobility, Adsorbent/absorbent, and antisecretory |
| What are signs and symptoms of hypokalemia? | Cardiac dysrhythmias, muscle pain, general discomfort or irritability, weakness and paralysis |
| What are common side effects of antidiarrheal drugs? | Constipation, abdominal discomfort. dizziness and dry mouth |
| What is an alert for Pepto Bismol? | It contains aspirin and can increase the effects of the anticoagulant warfarin. |
| What foods should patients with GERD avoid? | Chocolate, peppermint, alcohol and caffeinated drinks |
| For best effects when should PPIs be given? | Before meals, preferably in the morning |
| What are characteristics of a complex partial seizure? | Loss of consciousness for 1 to 3 minutes and automatisms such as lip smacking, patting or picking at clothes. |
| What is a pediatric consideration with phenytoin? | Excessive growth of gum tissue (gingival hyperplasia) |
| What are common side effects of first line drugs for generalized and partial seizures? | Dizziness, drowsiness, nausea/vomiting and ataxia (loss of coordination) |
| What is the effect of drugs for partial and generalized seizures on anticoagulant drugs? | Can increase the effects. Watch for abnormal bleeding. |
| What is the effect of drugs for partial and generalized seizures on oral contraceptive drugs? | They interfere with the effects. An additional form of contraception should be used. |
| TRUE or FALSE: Absorption of phenytoin is decreased by antacids | TRUE |
| TRUE or FALSE: Grapefruit and grapefruit juice increase the action of carbamazepine | TRUE |
Created by:
judypilcher
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