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6th ScienceMSL
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| folded mountain, | formed when layers are squeezed together and pushed upwards |
| fault-block mountain, | formed when tension of tectonic plates causes large blocks of the Earth's crust to drop down relative to other blocks |
| deposition, | The process in which material is laid down |
| transform boundary, | A fault that lies directly along the boundary line |
| convergent boundary, | When two plates smash into each other causing earthquake |
| divergent boundary, | When two plates drift away from each other causing magma to rise |
| faults, | A break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another |
| seismic waves, | Waves of energy above Earths surface that go in different directions during an earthquake |
| epicenter, | A spot above the focus on Earth's surface |
| volcano, | A vent in Earths surface through which magma and gases are expelled |
| lava, | magma that comes above the surface through faults and volcanoes |
| magma, | melting rock underneath the surface |
| earthquakes, | a violent shaking of the Earth's crust when tectonic plates move |
| focus point, | the point under the surface of the Earth that is where the earthquake starts |
| stress, | Pressure or tension put on a material object |
| primary waves, | A seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a back- and- forth direction |
| secondary waves, | A seismic wave that causes particals of rock to move in side-to-side directions |
| surface waves, | a seismic wave that causes rock to move in side to side direction |
| seismograph, | A tool that records vibrations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an earthquake |
| aftershock, | weaker earthquakes that follow stronger earthquakes |
| tsunami, | large waves that come on to shore when a earthquake happens in the sea; the earthquake shakes the sea violently |
| pyroclastic flow, | when enormus amounts of hot ash, dust, and gases are released from a volconoe |
| continental drift, | the theory that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations |
| tectonic plate, | the plates on Earth's surface that hold life on land they are constantly moving |
| Pangaea, | when all of the tectonic plates were together in one big plate it was called this |
| theory of plate tectonics, | that the tectonic plates are moving on top of the asthenoshpere |
| subduction, | when one plate sinks or is pusshed under another |
| asthenospere, | the second layer of the Earth; 250 km (not commonly used) |
| lithosphere, | the top layer of the Earth; 15-300 km (not commonly used) |
| mantle, | (the most commonly used layers) the third layer of the Earth; 2,900 km |
| crust, | (the most commonly used layers) the top most layer of the Earth; 5-100 km |
| core, | (the most commonly used layers) the center layer of the Earth; 3,430 km |
| inner core, | the inner most layer; 1,230 km (not commonly used) |
| outer core | the outer layer of the core; 2,200 km (not commonly used) |
| mineral, | a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has definite chemical structure |
| rock, | A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter |
| element, | A substance that cant be broken down into simpler pieces by chemical means |
| streak, | The color of a powder of a rock |
| luster, | The way a rock reflects light |
| cleavage, | Splitting of a mineral along a smooth, flat surface |
| fracture, | When a mineral breaks along either curved, or irregular surfaces |
| density, | The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance |
| hardness, | A measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching |
| ore, | a natural material whose concentration of economically valuable minerals is high enough for the material to be mined profitably |
| color, | different sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects or emits light |
| infiltration, | Entry of water into Earth's surface |
| soil horizon, | A layer of soil that lies approximately parallel to the lands surface. |
| particle size, | a introduced comparing dimensions of solid particles, liquid particles, and gaseous particles |
| soil profile, | The diagram of a verticle section of soil depicting the horizons |
| pH, | the amount of acidity that is in the soil you are testing |
| fertility, | how much the soil is able to grow plants or the amount of nutriance |
| weathering, | the wearing away of rocks by chemical or mechanical means |
| exfoliation, | To seperate into rudely concentric layers or sheets, as certain rocks during weathering |
| abrasion, | the grinding and wearing away of rock surfaces through the mechanical action of other rock or sand particles |
| chemical weathering, | the process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions |
| mechanical weathering, | the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical means |
| humus, | dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals |
| deposition, | the process in which material is laid down |
| erosion, | the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another |
| desertification, | The proccess by which an area becomes a desert |
| rock cycle, | the series of processes in which a rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes |
| remote sensing | The use of a camera, or a radar, to scan the Earth or another planet in space in order to collect data |
| Day & Night, | the time required for Earth to rotate once on its axis |
| Seasons, | A period of the year characterized by particular conditions of weather, and tempature |
| Rotation, | the spin of a body on its axis |
| Revolution, | the motion of a body that travels around another body in space; one complete trip along an orbit |
| Orbit, | the path that a body follows as it travels around another body in space |
| ellipse, | A plane curve that the sums of the distances of each point in its periphery from two fixed points are equal |
| Solstice, | the point at which the sun is as far north or as far south of the equator as possible |
| Vernal Equinox | It occurs in March, and marks the beginning of Spring |
| Autumnal Equinox | It occurs in September, and marks the beginning of fall |
| solar eclipse, | Occurs when the Moon gets between the Sun and Earth,and the moon casts a shadow over Earth |
| Lunar eclipse | When the Earth falls between Sun, and Moon, the shadow of Earth casts on the Moon |
| Crescent Moon | When 1- 49% of the Moon is seen of the part of the Moon unseen |
| Quarter Moon | The first or second half of the Moon |
| Gibbous Moon | When more than half of the Moon is seen, not a Full Moon |
| Full Moon | When you see the Moon with none hidden |
| Waxing Moon | When the Moon appears to get bigger |
| Waning Moon | When the Moon appears to get smaller |
| High Tide | The state of a tide when at its highest level |
| Low Tide | The state of a tide when at its lowest level |
| Spring Tide | the tide of increased range that occurs two times a month, at new and full moons |
| Neap Tide | a tide of minimum range that occurs during the first and third quarters of the moon |
| gravitational pull, | The attraction one has for another due to an invisible force of gravity |
| alignment, | Arrangement in a straight line, or in correct relative positions |
| axis, | An imaginary line about which a body rotates |
| tilt, | A sloping position or movement |
| hemispheres, | Half of the Earth in different sections like North, South, East, and West |
| solar system, | A collection of planets and their moons in orbit around the sun, together with smaler bodies of comets, and asteriods |
| surface, | The part of the Earth in which we live |
| atmosphere, | The air in any particular place |
| composition, | the chemical makeup of a rock; describes either the minerals or other materials in the rock |
| gravity, | The force of attraction by which terrestrial bodies tend to fall toward the center of the earth |
| satellites, | a natural or artificial body that revolves around a planet |
| sun, | The star in which Earth orbits |
| planets, | A celestical body moving in an ellipitial orbit around a star |
| moons, | The natural satelite of the Eart, visible by reflected light from the sun |
| asteroids, | a small, rocky object that orbits the sun, usually in a band between the orbits of mars and Jupiter |
| meteors, | a bright streak of light that results when a meteoroid burns up in the earths atmosphere |
| comets, | a small of ice, rock, and cosmic dust that follows an elliptical orbit around the sun and and that gives off gas and dust in the form of a tail as it passes close to the sun |
| dust, | Tiny particles of Earth laying on the ground |
| gases, | One of three staes of matter, composed with molcules with no fixed position |
| exploration, | The action of traveling in or through an unfimiliar area in order to learn about it |
| astronaut, | A person who is trained to travel in a spacecraft |
| solar radiation, | A radiant energy emitted by the sun due to nuclear fusion reactions |
| probes, | An exploratory action or expidition |
| International Space Station, | A place where scientists can study and cunduct about space |
| Hubble Telescope, | A telescope used to take pictures of space, which helps scientists learn about space |
| lander, | A space vihicle used to land on the moon or another planet |
| probe, | a vehicle that carries scientific instruments into space to collect scientific information |
| flybys, | A flight of a spacecraft past a celestial body close enough to obtain scientific info |
| galaxies, | a collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity |
| universe, | The world of human experience |
| Milky Way, | A broad band of light that stretches across the sky and is caused by the liight of a very great number of faint stars |
| light-year, | the distance that light travels in one year; about 9.46 trillion kilometers |
| black holes | An invisible region believed to exist in space having a very strong gravitational field and thought to be caused by a fallen star |
| Atoms, | The smallest particle of an element that has the properties of the element and can exist either alone or in combo |
| elements, | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
| matter, | A substance of which a physical object is composed |
| particles, | very tiny things that make up everything that interact with on another |
| pure substances, | a chemical substance with a specific chemical composition |
| mass, | a measure of the amount of matter in an object |
| weight, | the amount of force you must use to lift an object |
| thermal energy, | the kinetic energy of a substances atoms |
| solids, | particals that move very little are aranged in a tight, regular pattern |
| liquids, | particals that move past one another easily are fairly close but not in a certian pattern |
| gases, | particals that move rapidly in no absolute pattern |
| volume vs. shape, | Volume is the amount of space that an object takes up and shape is the form of an object. |
| density, | the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance |
| boiling point, | the temperature where a liquid boils |
| freezing point, | the temperature where a liquid frezzes |
| melting point, | the temperature where a liquid melts |
| solubility, | the maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a liquid at a specific temperature |
| solute, | the substance being dissolved |
| solvent, | the liquid substance the solute is dissolved into |
| independent, | not depending on another |
| dependent, | one thing that relies in another |
| physical properties vs. chemical properties | Physical properties are things that make up something that moves and chemical properties tell about an experiment or some that would not be a living thing. |
| Thermal energy, | the kinetic energy of a substances atoms |
| Conduction, | The process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance |
| radiation, | the tranfer of energy as electromagnetic waves |
| convection, | the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas |
| convection current, | Convection is the movement of molecules within fluids |
| conservation, | Preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation and wildlife |
| transfer, | All waves tranfer energy by repeated vibrations |
| conductors, | A material or an object that conducts heat, electricity, light, or sound |
| insulators, | A substance that does not readily allow the passage of heat or sound. |
| temperature, | a measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| thermometer, | An instrument for measuring and indicating temperature |
| equilibrium, | A state of physical balance |
| thermal expansion, | an increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the tempature of the substance |
| contraction, | the proccess of becoming smaller |
| electromagnetic wave, | a wave that consists of eletric and magnetic feilds that vibrate at right angles to eachother |
| absorption, | in optics ,the transfer to light energy to particles in matter |
| refraction, | the bending of a wave as the wave passes between two substances in which the speedof the way differs |
| scattering, | an interaction of light with matter that causes light to change it's energy ,direction of motion or both |
| transmission, | the passing of light or other form of energy through matter |
| visible spectrum, | the distribution of colors when light is dispersed by a prism |
| infrared light, | wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than radio waves |
| ultraviolet light, | radiation lying in the ultraviolet range; wave lengths shorter than light but longer than X-rays |
| x-rays, | electromagneti radiation of short wavelength produced when high-speed electrons stike a solid target |
| gamma rays, | penatrating electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength of X-rays |
| electromagnetic spectrum, | the range of wavelengths or frequency over which electromagnetic radiation extends |
| electrical currents | a rate or flow of an eletric charge |
| Waves, | a periodic disturbance in a solid,liquid, or gas as enrgy is transmitted through a medium |
| wavelengths, | the distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave |
| Sound | vibrations that travel through the air or through another medium and can be haerd when they reach a person's or animal's ear |
| longitudinal waves | a wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parellel to the direction of wave motion |
| amplitude | the maximum distance that the particles of a waves medium vibrate from their rest position |
| rarefaction | a decrease in density and pressure in a medium |
| compression | stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object |
| vibration, | to move back and fourth especialy rhythmacly and rapidly |
| medium, | a physical environment in which phenomea occur |
| vacuum, | a space entirely devoid to matter |
| pitch, | a measure of how high or how low a sound is perceived to be, depending on the frequency of the sound wave |
| hertz, | the SI unit of frequency equal to one cycle per minute |
| intensity, | The quality of being intense: "the pain grew in intensity" |
| decibel, | the most common unit used to measure loudness |
| amplification, | addition of extra material or clarifying detail |
| acoustics, | the proporties of a building that determine how sound is transmitted in it |
| echolocation, | the process of using reflected sound waves to find objects; used by animals such as bats |
| sonar, | the system of the detection of objects underwater and measuring waters depth |
| ultrasound, | cyclic sound pressure with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing |
| LIGHT | the natural agent that stimulates sights and makes things visable |
| transverse waves | a wave in which the particles of the medium move perpendicuarly to the direction the wave is traveling |
| trough | the part of the wave withe the least magnitude; the smallest part of the wave |
| crest | the part of the wave with the greatest maltitde ;the highest part of the wave |
| amplitude | the maximum distance that the particles of a waves medium vibrate from the rest possition |
| frequency | the number of waves produced in a given amount of time |
| prism, | a solid geometric figures whose two end faces are simular |
| reflection, | the bouncing back of a ray of light ,sound, and heat we the wave hots the surface that it dosn't go through |
| refraction, | the bendingof a wave as the wave passes between two substancess in which the speed of the wave differs |
| optics, | the scientific study of sight and the behavior of light |
| convex, | Having an outline or surface curved like the exterior of a circle or sphere |
| concave, | having a surface that curves inward |
| structures of the eye | the multiple parts of the eye |
| cornea | the transparent layer forming the front of the eye |
| iris | a flat, colored membrain behind the cornea of the eye |
| lens | transparent body situated behind the iris in the eye; its role is to focuses light on the retina |
| pupil | The dark circular opening in the center of the iris of the eye |
| retina | a layer on the back of the eye that is sensative to light and can triggers nerve impulses |
| optical nerve | something that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain |
| cones | a solid or hollow object that that has a roughly circular base to a point |
| rods | a thin streight bar |
| seismic waves | a wave of energy that travels through the earth and away from an earthquake in all directions |
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