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How Cells Function
McDougall 7th Science Unit C Chapter 2 How Cells Function
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| chemical reaction | The process by which chemical changes occur. In a chemical reaction, atoms are rearranged, and chemical bonds are broken and formed. |
| carbohydrate | A type of carbon-based molecule in living things. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches used for energy or as structural materials. Carbohydrate molecules contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. |
| lipid | A type of carbon-based molecule in living things. Lipids include fats, oils, and waxes used for energy or as structural materials. Lipids are made up of subunits of fatty acids. |
| protein | A macromolecule in living things that is made of smaller molecules called amino acids. Proteins control the chemical activity of a cell and support growth adn repair. |
| nucleic acid | One of several carbon-based molecules that carry an organism's genetic code. One of the nucleic acids- DNA contains the information needed to construct proteins. |
| chemical energy | The enery that is stored in the chemical composition of matter. The amount of chemical energy in a matter. |
| glucose | A sugar molecule that is a major energy source for most cells, produced by the process of photosynthesis. |
| photosynthesis | The process by which green plants and other producers use simple compounds and energy from light to make sugar, an energy-rich compound. This is an endothermic process in which light is absorbed and used to change carbon dioxide & water into glucose & oxy |
| chlorophyll | A light-absorbing chemical, a pigment, that traps the energy in sunlight and converts it to chemical energy. Found in chloroplasts of plant cells and the cells of other photosynthetic organism. |
| cellular respiration | A process in which cells use oxygen to release energy stored in sugars. |
| fermentation | A chemical process by which cells release energy from sugar when no oxygen is present. |
| diffusion | The tendency of a substance to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| passive transport | The movement through a membrane without any input of energy. |
| osmosis | The movement of water through a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| active transport | The process of using energy to move materials through a membrane. |
Created by:
bunnych
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