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Woodruff-8th grade
Woodruff-8th grade test- physical science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Mass | amount of matter in an object |
| Volume | the amount of space an object takes up |
| 4 phases of matter | solid, liquid, gas, plasma |
| Phase change- gains heat | melting and evaporation |
| Phase change- loses heat | condensation and freezing |
| Elements | basic building blocks of matter |
| atom | smallest particle of an element |
| compound | two or more elements |
| 3 parts of an atom | proton, electron, and neutron |
| proton- type of charge | positive |
| neutron- type of charge | neutral |
| electron- type of charge | negative |
| Elements are organized by their ____ on the periodic table | properties |
| On the periodic table _____ are the vertical columns | groups |
| ____ are the horizontal columns on the periodic table | rows |
| In the periodic tables ____ are to the left of the staircase | metals |
| In the periodic tables ____ are to the right of the staircase | nonmetals |
| molecule | smallest part of a compound |
| Two types of bonds that bind molecules together | ionic and covalent |
| mixtures | when two or more substances are put together and do not make a new substance |
| solution | undisturbed mixture containing solute and solvent |
| solute | part of a solution that gets dissolved |
| solvent | part of a solution that does the dissolving |
| density | mass divided by volume |
| density of water | 1 gm per cubic centimeter |
| If an object has a density of more than 1, it will (float, sink) | sink |
| If an object has a density of less than 1, it will (float, sink) | float |
| buoyancy | ability to float |
| _____ changes alter size and shape of an object | physical |
| ____ change creates a new substance | chemical |
| In a chemical equation, the (reactants, products) are on the left | reactants |
| Law of Conservation of Matter | Matter cannot be created nor destroyed- only changed from one form to another |
| force | push or pull |
| weight | the amount of gravitational pull on an object |
| speed | distance/time |
| velocity | distance/time with a direction |
| acceleration | final velocity-starting velocity/time |
| Newton's First Law of Motion | an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless an outside force acts on the object |
| Newton's Second Law of Motion | Force/Mass or Force x Mass= acceleration |
| Newton's Third Law of Motion | For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| Work | Force x Distance |
| Machine transfers ____ energy | mechanical |
| resistance | force it much overcome |
| effort | force applied |
| fulcrum | pivot point |
| list six simple machines | lever, pulley, wheel and axle, screw, wedge, inclined plane |
| energy | ability to do work |
| potential energy | stored energy |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| Light and sound travel in forms of ____ | waves |
| wavelength | distance from crest (top) to crest |
| amplitude | height of the wave |
| frequency | the number of waves that pass a given point in a certain time |
| heat is produced by _____. | vibrating molecules |
| Addition of heat causes | expansion |
| Loss of heat causes | contraction |
| heat travels from ____ to ____ | warm, cold |
| 3 ways heat moves | radiation, conduction, convection |
| Movement of heat through space is called _____ | radiation |
| Movement of heat through a liquid or gas is called _____ | convection |
| Movement of heat through a solid is called _____ | conduction |
| law of magnetic poles- like poles will ____ and unlike poles will ____ | repel, attract |
| electricity | produced by the flow of electrons from one point to another |
| Allow electricity to flow through it | conductors |
| Do not allow electricity to flow through | insulators |
| series circuit | single path |
| parallel circuit | two or more paths |
| If one bulb blows the ____ circuit dies and the ____ still works | series, parallel |
| visible form of energy that travels in paths | light |
| light that is bounced off is called | reflected |
| Light that is taken in and transferred is called | absorbed |
| Light that goes right through is called | transmitted |
| bending of light | refraction |
| Dark or light surfaces absorb more light | dark |
| A concave lens curves (inward, outward) | inward |
| A convex lens curves (inward, outward) | outward |
| Shows the frequency and wavelengths of light waves | electromagnetic spectrum |
| calorie | unit for measuring energy in food and fuel |
| watt | rate at which energy is used over a period of time |
| hydroelectric energy | electricity produced by the power of flowing water |
| nuclear energy | energy stored in the nucleus of an atom |
| Splitting uranium releases ___ energy and creates ____ and ____. | heat, thermal pollution and nuclear waste |
| List three problems with fossil fuels | pollution, acid rain, lung disease, oil spills, and the greenhouse effect |
| conservation | the saving of natural resources through wise use |
Created by:
seagullq
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